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Design Issues in the System (Security) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Configuration Issues in the System (Security) - Essay Example The ease of use and openness rules must be followed to grow simple to utilize programming framework. It is fundamental to adjust the ease of use and security among the different plan destinations. According to the given contextual investigation, the new framework actualized in the eatery has a few issues identified with the framework security and UI plan. It is appropriate to feature and survey these issues incorporate yet are not constrained to the locking up of the framework subsequent to accepting four mistaken either username or secret phrase, the framework screen consequently gets bolted following three minutes of staying inactive, the bolted screen must be opened by the specific/signed in clerk and if the clerk isn't accessible the framework is required rebooting to sign in some other clerk. These featured issues are because of the terrible planning of the product application that can be evacuated or settled by updating the product application. The executed programming applicat ion has programming configuration issues include: the framework has a structure defect of locking up the framework either by embeddings off base secret phrase or leaving the framework inactive for quite a while; the framework rebooting is a significant programming configuration blemish which sits around just as disturbs the clients. (Payne and Edwards, 2008). Configuration Issues Solution The structure issues in the sent programming application can be controlled by an examination the plan issues and arranging the new programming structure or overhauling the current programming application. There are scarcely any rules should be thought of while upgrading the right now sent programming application to expel the above featured structure issues. These rules incorporate however are not constrained to the bolted framework ought to have the capacity to be signed in by simply changing the username and secret word by any clerk, as at present the signed in clerk can just open the framework. A long these lines, the administrator would not be pestered each time the framework is bolted. Besides, this structure would evacuate the necessity of rebooting the framework, as the framework can be opened by any clerk subsequent to entering his/her right login name and secret phrase. The product application’s security break can be stayed away from by following another rule for making sure about the product application by actualizing security testaments for all the clients (clerk/supervisor/overseer). Programming Design Plan The assignments for updating the product executed in the café may include: the investigation of the current programming (featuring key issues), overhauling of programming application keeping in see the featured issues, developing a model, performing client testing, criticism from the client, model refinement and these errands lead to the last item. The previously mentioned undertakings should be performed by the group keeping in see that the current progr amming must be altered to address the plan issues, the product ought to embrace new equipment, the interface of the product must be redesigned, and generally speaking improving the presentation of the product application. The data watched/distinguished through the investigation of the current programming application ought to be appropriately used in the actualize new programming application or adjusting the current programming application in such a manner with expanded security and exceptionally usable programming applied. The product testing and approval methods should be created for testing of the product application with targets to evacuate the current plan issues. Documentation is one of the key factors in the accomplishment of any product application improvement; in this manner, it ought to be performed appropriately and report variant ought to be kept up. After

Compare And Contrast Theory With Practice Social Work Essay Essays

Look into Theory With Practice Social Work Essay Essays Look into Theory With Practice Social Work Essay Look into Theory With Practice Social Work Essay Case course is the methodology of helping patients with lives that are non gainful or acceptable as a result of a figure of employments among them medication and substance abuse. Case course in cultural work is whereby a cultural specialist expertly evaluates the requests of the customer and their few family units ( Ballew A ; Mink 1997 ) . The cultural laborer so organizes, delegate, assesses, masterminds and backers an efficacious assistance group to run into the customer s or patient s requests. Case bearing contrasts from oversaw consideration whereby the previous is intended to acquire the most proper and potentially best mediation for patients while the last is intended to maintain a strategic distance from hospitalization or beginner shorter clinic girdles in this manner cut bringing down expenses caused. Case chiefs proficient endorsements will comprise freely of the devotees: A Masterss former student certify by the board on cultural work guidance Have a present area or national cultural work confirmation or permit In any event two mature ages work involvement with the Masterss level partner to bio-psych cultural requests Rehearsing in accordance with government and area statutes and Torahs A pupil to the cultural work codification of moralss ( National Association of Social Workers NASW ) Case heading comprises mental and clinical constituents. As a pre-need thusly, a case executive ought to have the option to go to an arrangement of undertakings some of which may include: Emergency mediation: where the patient s territory or situation means an emergency requiring squeezing joining in Asset protections firm: This includes marshaling of the fundamental assets to get down mediation. Cooperation coaction: The passing on together of the considerable number of partners engaged with the mediation program Customer/family unit guidance: Provision of all the fundamental data and guidance identified with the status and mediation process. Customer/family unit protagonism: Advocate for patient or customer where society or family takes care of a lot of requests ( Halley, Kopp A ; Austin 1997 ) Mental evaluation and symptomatic processs Outcomes and rating: Interpretation of patient evaluation results. Customer/family unit direction: Initiate tolerant/family reding Sessionss. Most fundamentally the example executive starts a crew situated assault to occurrence heading. For the most part occasion course processs offered by associations are affected dependent on a screening procedure result. This testing guidelines will nail every single community oriented help through coordination of excellent consideration administrations. The coordination is intended to chop down any assistance atomization. A definitive finish of this method is place patients: With sincerely won unwellness or hurt With terminal status With constant unwellness or unwellness in an ague stage The coordination of the occurrence administrations during testing is planned for increasing the personal satisfaction and proper utilization of wellbeing consideration assets. Customer testing should cover the undermentioned aspects: Financial Natural Physical Mental Social/strict Professional Customer mental indicating is accomplished through an examination methodology which may incorporate among different constituents: Tolerant s individual informations Persistent s health position and age Quiet s enthusiastic and monetary position Quiet s professional and useful position including spiritualty Subjective working focusing on the customer The example heading methodology misuses a figure of intervention choices. The occurrence executive helps customers/patients and family unit individuals to set up a fit intercession program. The program pinpoints the patient s qualities and steady frameworks. These are utilized during the execution. On the other hand the case executive may manage a patient from network to an inpatient establishment and back to the network scene. The executive so adjusts an intercession program fit to the patient s requests in every one of the set ups. Coordinated effort as a choice can other than be utilized where the occasion chief cooperatively and mutually includes the patient s family unit and others refering the execution of the intercession program. The gatherings are constantly refreshed about the headway, finishes, obstacles and any variances to the underlying intercession program. The Patrician movement doubtlessly embraces this kind of assault or example dependent on the way that this movement considers the family unit as an essential social unit that can be straight engaged with the mediation and bar of substance and medication abuse ( The Patrician Movement 2010 ) . An of import aspect refering any strategy is the accreditation system. In the case course system the executive creates fit case heading programs which are reported in the patient s record. These confirmation ought to be available by all significant and approved crew engaged with the intercession program of the patient in request. The affirmation contains basic data dependent on the current or proposed intercession program. Therefore all clinical accreditation ought to be kept secret and treated as so. The example bearing method must hold a set up estimating of results. The program s result indexs ought to incorporate found out and mensural closures for each activity, the progression being inconsistently estimated by the occurrence executive alongside the steady crew. The estimation indexs will include: Goals of the activity: This will incorporate the patient consideration plans suggesting the per centums met, mostly met or non yet met. The patient s level of commitment to mediation evaluated by mensurating the going to frequences for the doled out intercession Sessionss. A diminishing in processs and mediations that was spontaneous for. Administration costs, accommodated administration degrees and utilization of assets The patient s or customer s fulfillment which can be inferred by the use of instruments, for example, polls any semblance of DUKE, Darmouth Co-operation or SF-36. Degrees of patient fulfillment can other than be shown through agreement restoration by the customer regularly a record of insurance agency fulfillment. The patrician movement was established at St Patrick Parish on the Eastern side of San Antonio in Texas in the late 1950 s as a congregation based medication and substance abuse bar and intercession establishment. At first established as a desert spring from multi racial power inside the region, patrician movement laminitiss understood the interest to go to the substance abuse that was plainly obvious among the varying pack individuals who came to look for cover at the ward. The movement has for the most part developed into a to the undeniable establishment today offering bar and mediation administrations from an all encompassing purpose of position ( The Patrician Movement 2010 ) . The mediation plan is for the most part slanted on a self evaluation venture doing each example one of a kind in its ain sense. The core build grasped by the patrician movement focuses to the way that every individual is distant from everyone else and has an option to create maximal intensity. The family unit is stressed as the fundamental unit of society and guidance as foremost for human turn of events and mediation. The bar and intercession administrations at the patrician movement are somewhat alone. This is because of the way that bar and mediation strategy are family unit arranged and oversaw. Case chiefs are in a general sense from inside the network and a moderate assault to recovery system is followed. Among the occasion executives are those with specific achievements, others are previous customers of the patrician movement though some are family unit individuals ( Ballew A ; Mink 1997 ) The patrician movement is worried about the entire individual and serves the San Antonio populace on a very basic level. Anyway the full Texas region other than profits by the administrations of this movement. This movement holding began at network degree and as a network venture is along these lines firmly San Antonio based. While influencing the family unit in occasion bearing ; patrician movement is helping to build more grounded restoration plans with useful answerability and development. The age section secured by the administrations offered at Patrician movement runing from 18 to 65 mature ages guarantees a more extensive populace is provided food for. Patrician movement runs a concise key family unit treatment ( BSFT ) to accommodate childs displaying early substance abuse and misconduct. By focusing on the family unit as a base of contact and recovery Patrician movement guarantees full network commitment in the plans along these lines doing them rather useful. Set up in a var ious race society, Patrician movement cross racial assault to intercession and bar keeps on stimulating network support from individuals of arranged race. Posted measurements are explanatory of the way that each piece at 2003 more than 2500 families had been presented with more than 2200 adults each piece great. Proportionately this suggests around one adult for every family unit. This implies medication and substance abuse rate in San Antonio is high. An examining of the declarations from the Patrician movement site demonstrates a network brimming with appreciation to the administrations offered at the movement. The GED sheepskin plan is among the alone assistance offered at Patrician movement intended to approve the populace mentally. By focusing all in all individual the Patrician movement brags a higher degree achievement in restoration not at all like the regular assaults that will primarily concentra

Moral Recovery Program

Moral Recovery Program, An Overview Proclamation No. 62 dated 30 September 1992 pronounced a Moral Recovery Program in light of the need to fortify the ethical assets of the Filipino individuals established in Filipino culture, qualities and goals that are professional God, star individuals, ace nation and ace nature. This Moral Recovery Program (MRP) alludes to the national battle for moral restoration which incorporates the destinations, procedures and combined encounters created over the span of actualizing Presidential Proclamation No. 62.It’s vision is to assist the Filipino country with becoming God-focused, individuals engaged, prosperous national network living in solidarity, equity, opportunity, love and harmony represented by a visionary government that is popularity based, responsive and powerful, unite free, straightforward and self-restorative with a network of common and military workers who are proficient, skillful, trained and reliable. The time has come for ou r political and strict pioneers work connected at the hip to achieve moral request in Philippine society.Freedom of love and religion must be ensured. The family should be reinforced as the fundamental unit of society. Advance the estimations of uprightness, greatness and administration beginning from the home, school, church and networks. There must be zero resilience against savagery, debasement and abuse. Bring back the BAYANIHAN SPIRIT so as to impart urban cognizance and feeling of enthusiasm among populace. Response Paper:According to the definition on the main page, Moral Recovery Program or MRP alludes to the national crusade for moral restoration because of the need to fortify the ethical assets of the Filipino individuals established in Filipino culture, qualities and standards that are star God, ace individuals, ace nation and master nature. In the definition, I can say that this program is excellent for Filipinos as well as to others around the world.We realize that all individuals have issues and as I watch, a few people these days encountering issues don’t try to God to ask help or ask direction yet rather they bring in cash as their own friend in need. What's more, concerning Filipinos, this national battle for moral recharging can truly assist with reestablishing and build up the Filipino culture in the Philippines as well as to different nations. Perhaps through this program, Filipinos will currently figure out how to cherish their way of life. Filipinos currently won't squander their cash purchasing imported things from abroad rather they will go through the entirety of their cash to purchase their country’s product.And additionally, a few Filipinos who are not glad for their way of life will presently be pleased and they will likewise elevate it to different nations. This national crusade for restoration likewise enables support and jam To mother Earth. Through this battle, a few people will currently abstain from cutting trees , do â€Å"kaingin†, slaughtering imperiled species and some more. Furthermore, through this crusade individuals will discover that Mother Earth is essential to us and we should spare our dearest Mother Earth from our off-base exercises while it’s not very late.

How to Trick Yourself Out of Being Lazy

How to Trick Yourself Out of Being Lazy Being lazy is a wonderful feeling. The guilt of knowing you should probably be doing something more productive can be exhilarating. Laziness also isn’t something to fully avoid â€" sometimes it really is for the best to rest for a bit and recharge those batteries.Yet, laziness does also have an ugly side. Being lazy can easily snowball â€" if I haven’t done the washing up in the previous three days, why shall I do it now â€" and your inactions can have serious consequences in your personal and work life. What can you do when “I’ll do it tomorrow” seems like the easier option and getting started feels like climbing Mount Everest? You can trick yourself out of being lazy by implementing these clever strategies and habits to your daily routine. These tricks work whether you’re facing household chores or work problems.UNDERSTAND YOUR LAZINESSBefore I outline some tricks and ways you can stop your laziness in its tracks, it is helpful to consider spending time thinking what is causing you to be lazy.Why are you putting off certain tasks? If you know the reason, you’ll be better able to eliminate avoid the triggers that make you want to jump on the back of the couch.When you notice yourself procrastinating or putting things off, stop for a minute and ask yourself:Am I finding this task too difficult?Do I feel I have too many things to do and I’m scared I don’t have the time to finish them?Am I scared of the consequences of failure or not being able to achieve the tasks?Do I h ave zero energy to actually do anything?Where is my motivation?Answering these questions will help you find the root cause to laziness. Let’s say you actually feel like there’s no energy to do anything. Your diet or sleep routine might be off the whack and you need to fix it first. If you’re putting off things because they seem too difficult, you can start training yourself in the particular task.Can’t finish the project? Study research techniques and become a better writer, for instance. If you feel you run the wrong way, hire a personal coach to help you. Writing the report seems too much with too little time? Prioritize your things and make space for the most urgent things â€" you can even ask for an extension on some deadlines by explaining your workload.Analyzing why you are lazy and what it is specifically in those tasks that you hate can give you better tools to tackle them. You notice the real problem and you can find solutions that help.AVOID THE ‘HAVING TO’ ATT ITUDEWhen a new e-mails lands on your desk at the end of the workday, your instant reaction might be “Not this again, why do I have to do this now”. I would know, as I’ve stared at the dish pile a lot of times saying “Do I have to do them?”The problem is that when you think things in terms of ‘have to’ rather than ‘want to’ you find them depressing, time-consuming and not fun. Things we have to do are generally not something most of us enjoy â€" the whole verb makes it feel like we are being forced to do something.So, start changing the attitude and things you say to yourself to something more nurturing and inspiring â€" find the passion and the reason behind your tasks.For example, when I’m faced with a pile of dishes I think, “Here’s an example of the tasty dish I enjoyed with my friends just now and after I wash these I have another opportunity to have a good time.” If you don’t feel like answering the e-mail, think the opportunities of replying â€" pe rhaps it can lead to a new contract and you can finally go on vacation with the extra money! CLEAR OUT THE DIFFICULT TASKS FIRSTI hate doing the dishes and opening envelopes. You probably have your own list of things you don’t like doing, but which need doing.These annoying things are often the things that cause us feel lazy â€" once we skip then, we can easily start thinking other things are also not worth doing at that moment. Therefore, if you are able to clear out the difficult tasks early in the day, you are less likely to feel overwhelmed by the rest of the day.As I started opening my letters first thing in the morning, I stopped having to dread this moment for the rest of the day. I felt accomplished about the task, especially so since I don’t like it. The same can apply to almost anything. If e-mails are your pet peeve, read and reply early in the morning and then stop worrying about them.   Clearing out the annoying tasks first ensures they are done when you have the right kind of energy to power through.START WITH AN EASY TASKOn the other hand, if you can’t f ind any tasks you hate that much and you have a tendency to just start being lazy in general, it can be useful to start with easier tasks.The benefit of doing a few extremely easy tasks it the morning is the way it sets a precedent for the rest of the day. Once you get that sense of accomplishment, you create an opposite snowball to being lazy â€" you start doing things one after another. You often get to that flow state of “Oh I just replied to that e-mail, I might as well do all of them.”It can be clever to leave easy tasks for the next day rather than to finish them at the end. For example, if you have a simple e-mail to write, which doesn’t require a lot of effort and it doesn’t require immediate attention, send it in the morning to kick-start your day.SET TIMERSSetting a timer is a great trick for a boost in productivity. You can set timers in two ways to snatch yourself out of laziness:Set a timer for being lazy and doing absolutely nothing. If you are feeling super ti red and low energy, it can be helpful to just stop everything for a second â€" it’s almost like meditating for a bit. Set a 10-minute alarm and spend the time doing something refreshing (make sure it doesn’t relate to things you should be doing) such as watching funny cat videos on YouTube or sitting still, eyes closed.Set a time for doing a task you don’t enjoy doing. In most situations, the timer works best when it’s for getting things done. If you hate the dishes, don’t approach them with the “have to do it all”-attitude. Instead, set a timer for 10-minutes after which you can stop if you want. The idea here is that a set timeline makes the task seem less daunting; you’re not approaching it with the “I’ll stop until I’m done” mindset, but you know you can just take a break in a bit. 30-minutes of writing sounds a lot less exhausting than writing the whole report (which could take a day!). Furthermore, simply getting started with something can actually help you finish the task. When your alarm goes off and you only have one e-mail to reply to, you probably won’t stop, but will just get it finished. Even if you don’t finish the task or you’re not inspired to continue beyond the time you set for the task, you’ve still done something. Writing the report for 10-minutes is much better than spending 10-minutes thinking you should be writing it.In fact, the above is all tied neatly in the 2-minute rule by David Allen. The author of Getting Things Done analyses task based on whether they take two minutes to do or not. If the act can be performed in less than 2-minutes, Allen does it immediately. So, if you notice an e-mail and you realize the reply will only take a minute, you write the reply immediately.It’s an effective strategy of clearing those small things out of the way â€" you don’t see a build up of e-mails if you keep clearing them as they come along. This can work for many things, such as cleaning the house. Noticed your dusty bookshelf? If it takes just two minutes to dust it then you might as well do it now! BREAK TASKS INTO PIECESAnother way to trick yourself out of being lazy is by creating an illusion of achieving more and, in a way, having more to do. What I mean is not to come up with mindless things to do, but to break down your existing tasks to smaller pieces.It’s easy to feel lazy when you have a giant project staring back at you â€" the depth of the task can overwhelm. By breaking it down into smaller chunks, you not only feel you’ve accomplished something more often, you also make the task more manageable.Let’s say you need to write a big research project. If your to-do list looks like this:BIG RESEARCH PROJECT!It definitely feels scary and overwhelming. On the other hand, if you break it down to smaller chunks, it can look much more appetizing and approachable:List book sourcesCreate draft outlineContact intervieweesSet interview dateConduct interviewsWrite the draftDo chapter o neDo chapter twoDo chapter threeSend draft to editorRe-write based on feedbackYes, it has more items, but they aren’t a huge giant task anymore but manageable chunks that won’t take forever to achieve. Not to mention, you realize how much you’ve done once you start crossing things over as ‘done’.START THE DAY WITH EXERCISE“Go out and have a jog” might not sound like the most helpful advice when you are feeling lazy and want to snap out of it. Indeed, if you weren’t lazy in the first place, you might already be running around the block. But you can beat laziness in other areas of your life if you are just able to put on those working out clothes.Exercise releases the so-called feel-good hormones. A brisk walk gives you better mood and helps you feel more energetic. If you manage to do a bit of exercise, the energy can help carry you through other tasks. For this reason, you should start your day with exercise! It doesn’t require a lot of thinking, it doesn’t requi re a lot of time and the benefits can ensure the rest of the day is super productive.Source: Visually websiteCHANGE THE SCENERYSometimes laziness just needs a kick in the butt. If you’re staring at the wall in your office or sitting on the couch not doing anything productive, changing the scenery can help. We’re creatures of habit and being lazy in a specific environment can simply feed our laziness.Being in a different environment stimulates our mind in a different way and this can be helpful in getting things done. What’s more, research suggests surrounding yourself with people who are hard at work will boost your productivity as well â€" no wonder a busy coffee shop with people working on their laptops can help you feel more inspired to do the same (instead of just browsing social media).If you’re able to leave your office during the day, then go to a coffee shop, the park or the nearby library and take your work with you. The new surroundings might give you an energy boo st and inspire you to finish off a project that’s been causing you problems. Similarly, leaving the house for a walk outside or a trip to a different shop can help you feel more invigorated and sort out some errands in the meantime.Don’t worry if you can’t swap the office to a swanky park. You could perhaps just try a different workstation, work from an empty conference room or sit at the company cafeteria.CREATE THE PERFECT ENVIRONMENT FOR WORKIf changing the scenery is impossible for you, fear not! You can enjoy the benefits of a good work environment even when you can’t swap the walls around you. The key to a productive work environment requires the following ingredients:Lights, lights, babyLighting can have a huge impact on productivity. Research has provided strong evidence to support natural light’s ability to boost your mood and productivity.It’s not just that natural lighting is good for you, but the wrong kind of lights can have a negative impact on your product ivity. You can probably subscribe to the feeling of fatigue when staring the computer screen for a long time.Therefore, your work environment should have plenty of natural light â€" don’t cover up the views with curtains and place the desk near a light source â€" and you want to use apps such as F.lux that change the colour temperature of your screen based on the time of day.Turning up the heatA room’s temperature is another major factor in productivity. Cornell University studied the impact of temperature on productivity and found there to be an optimal temperature to guarantee good results at work.According to the research, an optimal room temperature falls around 25 degrees Celsius. Anything below or a lot above will lead to mistakes and lack of motivation â€" if you’re uncomfortable, it will be hard to work.The right soundtrackIf you can’t go to the coffee shop, you should create the coffee shop around you. Interestingly, your productivity would benefit from that ambient buzz of a coffee shop. It’s about finding the sweet spot â€" you want just the right kind of noise pollution to allow your mind to wonder, but not loud enough to cause a distraction.It can be a good idea, therefore, to test having a recording of a coffee shop, the sea or other such recording playing in the background while you’re trying to get things done.Furthermore, if you are looking to do chores or exercise, upbeat music can also help you be more productive, even with the volume turned up! Music increases the production of dopamine, which can boost your mood and make you feel better about the day and get things done.As little distractive things as possibleIf you work in a room full of fun things to do, you probably will test your willpower a bit too much.Removing things like the TV, radio, social media, cute cat videos, nail polish and other such distraction (feel free to add your own to the list!) will limit your risk of doing something unproductive. The fewer distractions you have, the better. Source: Psychology Today post on distractionsMAKE ACHIEVING THINGS EASYAnother related point on the importance of the environment is the ease of doing things. As I eluded above, you don’t want to have unnecessary distractions luring you away from your mission. While you can and should certainly remove distractions from sight as much as possible, there is another alternative. You can make achieving things easier.What this means is making your tasks as easy as possible to start. Let’s say you want to exercise more. By placing clean running shoes right next to the front door or on the couch, you can ensure going for a jog is smoother.Similarly, if you want to get more writing done at the desk, ensure the environment is inviting, the laptop is recharged and there’s a glass of water waiting. If achieving things is easier and less hassle inducing, you have fewer excuses to stop you from getting started.The trick can apply to almost anything â€" want to read more books? Then place the m next to the bed or the couch and keep your Kindle in your workbag. Find ways to make starting those tasks a bit easier and make being lazy a bit harder. If your TV is unplugged after you come back home, you might be more inclined to visit the gym (especially if the gym clothes are nearly packed!).HAVE AN ACCOUNTABILITY BUDDYYou can trick yourself out of being lazy by ensuring you’re not accountable just for yourself. Teaming up will provide you with an extra incentive to finish your tasks on time and putting in extra effort â€" especially if your partner is motivated.If going to the gym seems impossible, then ask a friend to go with you. You can’t just decide not to go â€" you also have to inform the other person you can’t (or, well, don’t want to) go to the gym. It makes being lazy just a tiny bit harder. It’s not just about you anymore; it’s about the other person.Similarly, if you have a big research project to finish, you could ask a colleague or a friend for help and for the opportunity to go over the findings with them. Once you set a date for this review meeting, you know you must get things done. The person would have cleared his or her calendar for you and you don’t want to disappoint them.So, pick an accountability buddy with a good track-record of achieving things, stay in regular contact over the progress and you’ll soon find you’re being much more productive.Other people are a popular motivator and a source of inspiration. Even if you can’t find an accountability buddy, how about listening to an inspiring talk? For example, this TED talk by Isabel Allende is a great way to start your day when you’re feeling the slump: THE BOTTOM LINETricking yourself out of being lazy isn’t rocket science and it isn’t just a matter of sucking it up and doing it. Little changes to the way you think can have a big impact on your productivity.Furthermore, by changing the way you do things â€" from setting timers to swapping routines â€" yo u can guarantee better results in terms of finishing things on time.Finally, being lazy is often about the environment and if you can trick your brain into feeling more inspired and motivated by simply breaking away from your usual surroundings, you can find yourself being more productive.

A Case Study of UK Listed Super Markets - 3850 Words

Effect of Working Capital on Profitability: A Case Study of UK Listed Super Markets (Research Paper Sample) Content: Effect of Working Capital on Profitability: A Case Study of UK Listed Super Markets3874 WordsAbstractEffective working capital management is necessary for business to make adequate profit without compromising liquidity needs of a firm. There is overwhelming evidence from the past studies that working capital is negatively correlated to profitability. Yet, some studies find a positive correlation between the two variables in some cases. This study sough to explore how working capital of 4 UK listed supermarkets affects the profitability of the firms between 2007-2013. The profitability was measured by operating profit margin while working capital has been measured using working capital ratio and quick ratio. Both Pearson correlation and regression analysis was used to test the relationship. Consistent with past studies, a negative correlation is found. However, contrary to the findings of the past studies, the effect of both independent variables on operating profit ma rgin is insignificant. Thus, while supermarkets may need to lower their working capital to raise profits, the detriment in the profit will not be significant even if high working capital is maintained. The sample size was however relatively small compared to past studies, and may have led to sampling errors. Future studies need to enlarge the sample and period of study for more rigor.Keywords: UK listed supermarkets, operating profit margin, working capital ratio, quick ratio, profitability , working capitalTable of ContentsTOC \o "1-3" \h \z \u Abstract PAGEREF _Toc380131784 \h 21.0 Introduction PAGEREF _Toc380131787 \h 52.0 Research aims and Objectives, Questions and/or Hypotheses PAGEREF _Toc380131790 \h 63.0 Literature Review PAGEREF _Toc380131803 \h 74.0 Data and Methodology PAGEREF _Toc380131813 \h 105.0 Results PAGEREF _Toc380131824 \h 115.1 Profitability and Working Capital Ratio PAGEREF _Toc380131825 \h 115.2 Profitability and Quick Ratio PAGEREF _Toc380131831 \h 145.3 : Multiple Regression: Working Capital Ratio and Quick Ratio PAGEREF _Toc380131836 \h 166.0 Conclusion PAGEREF _Toc380131839 \h 187.0 References PAGEREF _Toc380131841 \h 19List of Tables TOC \h \z \c "Table"Table 1: Correlations- operating profit margin and working capital ratio PAGEREF _Toc380131959 \h 11Table 2: Model Summary Operating Profit Margin vs. Working Capital Ratio PAGEREF _Toc380131960 \h 12Table 3: ANOVAb Operating Profit Margin vs. Working Capital Ratio PAGEREF _Toc380131961 \h 13Table 4: Coefficientsa -Operating Profit Margin vs. Working Capital Rati PAGEREF _Toc380131962 \h 13Table 5: Correlations - operating profit margin and quick ratio PAGEREF _Toc380131963 \h 14Table 6: Model Summary- operating profit margin and quick ratio PAGEREF _Toc380131964 \h 15Table 7: ANOVAb- - operating profit margin and quick ratio PAGEREF _Toc380131965 \h 15Table 8: Coefficientsa operating profit margin and quick ratio PAGEREF _Toc380131966 \h 15Table 9: Model Summary Mul tiple Regression PAGEREF _Toc380131967 \h 16Table 10:ANOVAb - Multiple Regression PAGEREF _Toc380131968 \h 16Table 11:Coefficientsa-Multiple Regression PAGEREF _Toc380131969 \h 171.0 IntroductionThe value of working capital a firm is tremendously recognised in the existing body of knowledge. Various scholars assert the view that it is through dynamic management of working capital that solvency, liquidity and profitability of a firm is maintained (Filbeck Krueger, 2005; Mukhopadhyay, 2004; Raheman Nasr, 2007). Working capital is a descriptive term that refers to the difference between the current assets and current liabilities (WC=CA-CL) (Padachi et al., 2008). In a more specific context, working capital may be described as gross or net where the gross working capital essentially refers to the current assets while the net working capital is the value obtained after subtracting the current liabilities from the current assets (Yadav et al, 2009). As used in this study, the working ca pital will be referring to the net working capital. According to Arnold (2008), heavy investment in working capital is likely to lead to high level of liquidity in a firm at the expense of profit generation, because there will be low investment in the fixed assets required for profit generation. The profit generation may, however, be compromised because there are limited fixed assets invented in generation of more funds (Deloof, 2003). Besides, it is likely to result into a situation where there are excessive inventories, so that the firm again spends more on operation cost attributed to the management of the excessive inventory associated with high working capital (Raheman Nasr, 2007). On the other hand, huge investment into working fixed assert and corresponding limited investment in working capital is likely to lead to a situation where there is good potential for profit generation (from the fixed assets) while the firm will be struggling with liquidity and solvency difficultie s (Padachi, 2006). This results because the firm will not be having adequate liquidity capacity to meet the short term financial obligation, a scenario that may easily trigger bankruptcy and liquidation process (Vishnani Shah, 2007).Against the backdrop of the critical role of working capital, it is vital to ascertain the definitive, and possibly predictable relationship between working capital and profitability so that effective working capital management may e undertaken in a manner that leads to realization of desirable profit standards. This paper explores how working capital affects the profitability of UK listed supermarkets. Whereas the relationship between working capital and profitability has been a subject of massive scholarly attention, the past studies have not been specific to UK supermarkets. The study will therefore add to the existing body of knowledge on the two variables, by taking an industry specific approach to this significant theme. From practical perspective , the study is expected to contribute knowledge necessary for effective liquidity and profitability of supermarkets management, more so in UK 2 where the study is focused.2.0 Research aims and Objectives, Questions and/or HypothesesThe primary aim of this research is to examine the effect of working capital on profitability. In both cases, relevant ratios have been used, whereby profitability is measured by operating profit margin while working capital is measured by working capital ratio and quick ratio. Consistent with the overall aim of the study, this study seeks to attain the following specific objectives: 1 To ascertain how UK supermarketsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ working capital ratio correlates with their operating profit margin. 2 To ascertain how UK supermarketsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ quick ratios correlates with their operating profit margin. 3 To determine how the UK supermarketsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ working capital ratio and quick ratio multiply correlates with their operating profit margin.Thus, the stu dy seeks to address the following research questions: 1 What is the relationship between UK supermarketsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ working capital ratio does correlates with their operating profit margin? 2 What is the relationship between UK supermarketsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ quick ratios correlates with their operating profit margin? 3 What is the relationship between the UK supermarketsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ working capital ratio and quick ratio multiply correlates with their operating profit margin?Based on the findings of the past studies in other sectors or countries, the study will proceed from the following hypotheses: * H1: There is a significant negative correlation between UK supermarketsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ working capital ratio correlates with their operating profit margin. * H2: There is a significant negative correlation between UK supermarketsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ quick ratios correlates with their operating profit margin. * H3: There is a significant negative correlation between UK supermarketsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ working capital ratio and quick ratio and their operating profit margin.3.0 Literature ReviewThe relationship between working capital and profitability has been a subject of intense scholarly attention, even though various studies have used various working capital and profitability metrics. As will be illustrated, majority of the studies have used ratios of these variables rather than the actual figures of working capital and profits. There are, however, a few studies that have non-ratio values to ascertain the relationship.Shah and Sanaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s (2006) study was based on five year profitability and working capital performance of Pakistani oil and gas sector. They used various working capital rations, namely inventory turnover, quick ratio, current ratio, average payment period and average collection period to measure working capital. Gross profit was use as a measure of profitability. Using correlation analysis, the study established a negative correlation between all measures of working capi tal and gross profit, with the exception of days payable. A loosely similar study was that of Padachi (2006) who used receivables and inventories to explore how working capital management correlated with the performance of a firm. Similar to Shah and Sana (2006), the study established a negative correlation between the working capital variables and firm performance.Like Shah and Sana (2006), Nasr and Raheman (2007) explored the relationship between working capital and profitability of Pakistani listed companies over a six year period, ranging from 1999-2004. However, in addition to current ratio as a measure of working capital, they also used cash conversion cycle. Another difference was in their measure of profitability; unlike Shah and Sana (2006) who used gross profit, Nasr and Raheman (2007) used net... A Case Study of UK Listed Super Markets - 3850 Words Effect of Working Capital on Profitability: A Case Study of UK Listed Super Markets (Research Paper Sample) Content: Effect of Working Capital on Profitability: A Case Study of UK Listed Super Markets3874 WordsAbstractEffective working capital management is necessary for business to make adequate profit without compromising liquidity needs of a firm. There is overwhelming evidence from the past studies that working capital is negatively correlated to profitability. Yet, some studies find a positive correlation between the two variables in some cases. This study sough to explore how working capital of 4 UK listed supermarkets affects the profitability of the firms between 2007-2013. The profitability was measured by operating profit margin while working capital has been measured using working capital ratio and quick ratio. Both Pearson correlation and regression analysis was used to test the relationship. Consistent with past studies, a negative correlation is found. However, contrary to the findings of the past studies, the effect of both independent variables on operating profit ma rgin is insignificant. Thus, while supermarkets may need to lower their working capital to raise profits, the detriment in the profit will not be significant even if high working capital is maintained. The sample size was however relatively small compared to past studies, and may have led to sampling errors. Future studies need to enlarge the sample and period of study for more rigor.Keywords: UK listed supermarkets, operating profit margin, working capital ratio, quick ratio, profitability , working capitalTable of ContentsTOC \o "1-3" \h \z \u Abstract PAGEREF _Toc380131784 \h 21.0 Introduction PAGEREF _Toc380131787 \h 52.0 Research aims and Objectives, Questions and/or Hypotheses PAGEREF _Toc380131790 \h 63.0 Literature Review PAGEREF _Toc380131803 \h 74.0 Data and Methodology PAGEREF _Toc380131813 \h 105.0 Results PAGEREF _Toc380131824 \h 115.1 Profitability and Working Capital Ratio PAGEREF _Toc380131825 \h 115.2 Profitability and Quick Ratio PAGEREF _Toc380131831 \h 145.3 : Multiple Regression: Working Capital Ratio and Quick Ratio PAGEREF _Toc380131836 \h 166.0 Conclusion PAGEREF _Toc380131839 \h 187.0 References PAGEREF _Toc380131841 \h 19List of Tables TOC \h \z \c "Table"Table 1: Correlations- operating profit margin and working capital ratio PAGEREF _Toc380131959 \h 11Table 2: Model Summary Operating Profit Margin vs. Working Capital Ratio PAGEREF _Toc380131960 \h 12Table 3: ANOVAb Operating Profit Margin vs. Working Capital Ratio PAGEREF _Toc380131961 \h 13Table 4: Coefficientsa -Operating Profit Margin vs. Working Capital Rati PAGEREF _Toc380131962 \h 13Table 5: Correlations - operating profit margin and quick ratio PAGEREF _Toc380131963 \h 14Table 6: Model Summary- operating profit margin and quick ratio PAGEREF _Toc380131964 \h 15Table 7: ANOVAb- - operating profit margin and quick ratio PAGEREF _Toc380131965 \h 15Table 8: Coefficientsa operating profit margin and quick ratio PAGEREF _Toc380131966 \h 15Table 9: Model Summary Mul tiple Regression PAGEREF _Toc380131967 \h 16Table 10:ANOVAb - Multiple Regression PAGEREF _Toc380131968 \h 16Table 11:Coefficientsa-Multiple Regression PAGEREF _Toc380131969 \h 171.0 IntroductionThe value of working capital a firm is tremendously recognised in the existing body of knowledge. Various scholars assert the view that it is through dynamic management of working capital that solvency, liquidity and profitability of a firm is maintained (Filbeck Krueger, 2005; Mukhopadhyay, 2004; Raheman Nasr, 2007). Working capital is a descriptive term that refers to the difference between the current assets and current liabilities (WC=CA-CL) (Padachi et al., 2008). In a more specific context, working capital may be described as gross or net where the gross working capital essentially refers to the current assets while the net working capital is the value obtained after subtracting the current liabilities from the current assets (Yadav et al, 2009). As used in this study, the working ca pital will be referring to the net working capital. According to Arnold (2008), heavy investment in working capital is likely to lead to high level of liquidity in a firm at the expense of profit generation, because there will be low investment in the fixed assets required for profit generation. The profit generation may, however, be compromised because there are limited fixed assets invented in generation of more funds (Deloof, 2003). Besides, it is likely to result into a situation where there are excessive inventories, so that the firm again spends more on operation cost attributed to the management of the excessive inventory associated with high working capital (Raheman Nasr, 2007). On the other hand, huge investment into working fixed assert and corresponding limited investment in working capital is likely to lead to a situation where there is good potential for profit generation (from the fixed assets) while the firm will be struggling with liquidity and solvency difficultie s (Padachi, 2006). This results because the firm will not be having adequate liquidity capacity to meet the short term financial obligation, a scenario that may easily trigger bankruptcy and liquidation process (Vishnani Shah, 2007).Against the backdrop of the critical role of working capital, it is vital to ascertain the definitive, and possibly predictable relationship between working capital and profitability so that effective working capital management may e undertaken in a manner that leads to realization of desirable profit standards. This paper explores how working capital affects the profitability of UK listed supermarkets. Whereas the relationship between working capital and profitability has been a subject of massive scholarly attention, the past studies have not been specific to UK supermarkets. The study will therefore add to the existing body of knowledge on the two variables, by taking an industry specific approach to this significant theme. From practical perspective , the study is expected to contribute knowledge necessary for effective liquidity and profitability of supermarkets management, more so in UK 2 where the study is focused.2.0 Research aims and Objectives, Questions and/or HypothesesThe primary aim of this research is to examine the effect of working capital on profitability. In both cases, relevant ratios have been used, whereby profitability is measured by operating profit margin while working capital is measured by working capital ratio and quick ratio. Consistent with the overall aim of the study, this study seeks to attain the following specific objectives: 1 To ascertain how UK supermarketsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ working capital ratio correlates with their operating profit margin. 2 To ascertain how UK supermarketsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ quick ratios correlates with their operating profit margin. 3 To determine how the UK supermarketsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ working capital ratio and quick ratio multiply correlates with their operating profit margin.Thus, the stu dy seeks to address the following research questions: 1 What is the relationship between UK supermarketsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ working capital ratio does correlates with their operating profit margin? 2 What is the relationship between UK supermarketsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ quick ratios correlates with their operating profit margin? 3 What is the relationship between the UK supermarketsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ working capital ratio and quick ratio multiply correlates with their operating profit margin?Based on the findings of the past studies in other sectors or countries, the study will proceed from the following hypotheses: * H1: There is a significant negative correlation between UK supermarketsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ working capital ratio correlates with their operating profit margin. * H2: There is a significant negative correlation between UK supermarketsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ quick ratios correlates with their operating profit margin. * H3: There is a significant negative correlation between UK supermarketsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ working capital ratio and quick ratio and their operating profit margin.3.0 Literature ReviewThe relationship between working capital and profitability has been a subject of intense scholarly attention, even though various studies have used various working capital and profitability metrics. As will be illustrated, majority of the studies have used ratios of these variables rather than the actual figures of working capital and profits. There are, however, a few studies that have non-ratio values to ascertain the relationship.Shah and Sanaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s (2006) study was based on five year profitability and working capital performance of Pakistani oil and gas sector. They used various working capital rations, namely inventory turnover, quick ratio, current ratio, average payment period and average collection period to measure working capital. Gross profit was use as a measure of profitability. Using correlation analysis, the study established a negative correlation between all measures of working capi tal and gross profit, with the exception of days payable. A loosely similar study was that of Padachi (2006) who used receivables and inventories to explore how working capital management correlated with the performance of a firm. Similar to Shah and Sana (2006), the study established a negative correlation between the working capital variables and firm performance.Like Shah and Sana (2006), Nasr and Raheman (2007) explored the relationship between working capital and profitability of Pakistani listed companies over a six year period, ranging from 1999-2004. However, in addition to current ratio as a measure of working capital, they also used cash conversion cycle. Another difference was in their measure of profitability; unlike Shah and Sana (2006) who used gross profit, Nasr and Raheman (2007) used net...

Terrorism Guantanamo Bay Detention Center Essay - 1814 Words

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Nathaniel Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown Essay - 1404 Words

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The role of the Puritan church is crucial in shaping Goodman Brown’s personality and helping the reader understand why he was reluctant to continue his journey.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Puritanism, movement arising within the Church of England in the latter part ofRead MoreEssay on Faith Role in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"Young Goodman Brown600 Words   |  3 PagesFaith plays a major role in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s short story â€Å"Young Goodman Brown†. From the start of his journey to his arrival back home, Faith is always in the back of head, making him question his surroundings and own thoughts. It’s hard to determine when he’s speaking of his lovely wife Faith or his Faith in his God and religion. Through his many Young Goodman Brown’s journey begins with his departure from Faith, for he must â€Å"tarry away from thee.† (Nathaniel Hawthorne 1289) Could it be

Comparison of Journal of the Plague Year and Oroonoko Essay

Throughout history, slaves have been treated like animals and thought of as property, not human beings. Even Oroonoko, a handsome, statuesque prince is turned into a slave because of his race, and is degraded and mistreated. To racist slave owners, the horrible treatment of Africans was acceptable because they were a different species, and no amount of education or beauty could save them. Behn shows how unjust and brutal slavery is in Oroonoko. The treatment of slaves is comparable to the treatment of the poor, as both have few rights, and both are unjustly judged and mistreated based on social status. Behn begins Oroonoko with a description of the native people: they have long black hair, wear jewelry and paint flowers on their†¦show more content†¦. . To which [a person] a thousand times prefer Death.# She further describes how one is sold into slavery, being either sold one by one or in lots with women and children, but families are not sold together; instead, they are separated, as a family cannot be trusted together for fear that they will commit some great Action, to the ruin of the Colony.# At first, slavery is depicted as more of an embarrassment than a painful way of life, and Oroonoko lives a decent life for a while. Oroonoko is sold to Trefry, a Cornish gentleman who assists the Governor, and he proves to be a kind and gentle man to Oroonoko. Trefry cares deeply for Oroonoko, and ever after lovd him as his dearest Brother, and shed him all the Civilities due to so great a Man.# Oroonoko is reunited with his love, Imoinda, who has also been sold into slavery, and the two are allowed to marry (which was a privilege that was not granted often). However, the lifestyle Oroonoko leads is not typical, as he reveals when he makes a speech to other slaves. Oroonoko reveals that slaves suffer Loads, Burdens, and Drudgeries as were fitter for beasts than Men and that both guilty and innocent slaves sufferd the infamous Whip. . . Till their Blood trickled from all Parts of their Body.# The cruelty of the slave owners sparks a rebellion led by Oroonoko, which fails. The slaves are punished in the most merciless manner: they are whipped so

Evaluation Of The O Malley And Pierce Reading Essay

Assessment Description: Which form of assessment did you choose? What rubric categories did you use? Explain how this assessment reflects appropriate practices for ELLs? The form of assessment that we chose was the picture cued description test. We also had our student do a self assessment and finally, we gave her time to draw whatever picture she wanted but just had to explain it to us. We started with the self assessment, which was taken from Chapter 4 of the O’Malley and Pierce reading. The self assessment itself asked the student to rate the difficulty level of things that the student could do in English. Some statements included, â€Å"I can speak with native speakers outside of school, I can listen to and understand video and television, and I can describe past events.† We then chose to do a picture cued description test. This included a 6 frame picture story board that was a picture of a boy throwing a ball for his dog, and the dog returning the ball back to the boy. We asked our student to explain what was happening in the picture and to tell us a story of what is going on with the boy and dog. Finally, the last part that we ass essed the student on was her ability to draw a picture but to explain why she wrote it and what the picture meant. We gave the student a whiteboard and marker and gave her about 10 minutes to freely draw. She drew a person sleeping in a bed under the moon and stars. The rubric categories that we used was the SOLOM teacher observation Student Oral

Balance of Payments Concepts - Components - Importance - Examples

Question: Discuss about the Introduction Balance of Payment. Answer: Introduction The balance of payment is the statement that briefs a countrys economy transactions with the rest of the globe for a particular period. On a general basis BOP of a country is calculated quarterly in every financial year. The Balance of Payment or in short BOP is also known as the balance of international payments, encloses all the business affairs between citizens of a country and the non-residents which include services, financial claims, liabilities, goods, income, and any transfers such as gifts (Alawattage, 2009). All the business transactions handled by either the public sector or a private sector are accounted for in the Balance of Payment to find out the amount of money going out and coming in the country. If money is coming in the country, then it is known as a credit, and when money goes out of the country then it is known as debit. These transactions are divided into three accounts by the BOP, and they are the Current account, the financial account, and the capital account. The current accounts consist of the business transactions in services, investment income, current transfers, and goods, while the capital account mostly consists of business transactions in financial instruments. A country economys BOP transactions, dealings, and international investment position are calculated together to establish its set of international accounts. In theory, the Balance of Payment of a country that includes the assets that are the credits of the country and the liabilities that is the debit of the country should be zero, but in reality, this rarely happens. Thus, the BOP of a country can tell clearly that from where the differences are emerging in the economy (Bussire, 2013). Breaking Down of the Balance of Payment The balance of payment is not actually includes the payment of money and receiving of money by an economy of a country. But, it is the data that includes the transactional details of a country with rest of the world. Many times the international collaborations get included in the BOP does not include money payment. Thus, the numbers here can be very much different from the actual payments made over a period to foreign entities. As mentioned before that BOP never actually balances. In theory, a deficit amount in a current account has to be financed with the help of net inflow coming in the financial and capital account, a surplus amount of current account need to be corresponded in the financial and capital account to an outflow to get a zero net figure (C., 2015). When the actual figure has calculated the data that is compiled with the help of multiple sources, increase the chances of measurement error up to some level. In the formulation of national and international economy policy, the data about the balance of payment and position of international investment is very critical. Various aspects of BOP data are the key issues that need to be addressed for a nations economic policies, and they are payment imbalances and foreign direct investment. The economic policies formed by a country are often designed to target some specific objectives and goals and which in turn leaves an impact on the BOP of the country. For example, policies that are specially created to attract foreign investment can be adopted by a nation to increase foreign investment in a particular sector. Another country can adopt a policy that keeps the currency of the country at an artificially depressed level to increase exports that will help in creating currency reserves for that country. The ultimate impact of these policies will be seen in the balance of payment (Chernyak, Khomiak and Chernyak, 2013). The Balance of Payment of a country is divided into three categories, and they are as follows:- The Current Account- to mark the outflow and inflow of goods and services into a nation the current account is used. Any type of earnings done on investments, both on private sector and public sector, are also added in the current account. The credits and debits on the transactions of products like raw materials, and the produced goods that are sold, bought, or given away many be in the form of an aid, comes in the current account. The services that are included in the current account are like receipts earn from tourism, business service fees, engineering, transportation, and royalties gained from copyrights and patents (Egger and Maria Radulescu, 2011). The combination of goods and services makes the nations balance of trade. Combining the total of imports and exports made up the BOT that is the maximum sum of a countrys BOP. If a countrys BOT is showing deficit, then the imports of the country are more than the exports, and if the country has a surplus BOT, then the exports of the country are more than its imports. Any type of receipts coming from income-generating assets like stocks is also added in the current account. The last part of BOP that is included in the current account is Unilateral Transfers. These unilateral transfers are generally the salaries credit in the accounts of workers working abroad and sending their salaries to the home country. Also all types of foreign aids directly received by the country come under the unilateral transfers (Eichengreen, 2013). The countrys current account is the best indicator of the economys health. Current account showing a positive balance displays that the country is the net lender to the other countries, while if the balance of the current account is negative than it makes the country a net borrower. A countrys net assets increase with the surplus current account balance and decreases if the account shows the deficit amount. A countrys current account balance gets affected by various factors like the trade policies of the country, its exchange rate, forex reserves, inflation rate, and competitiveness (Filipovic and Garic, 2014). The Capital Account- the capital account includes all the international capital transfers. Acquisition or disposal of any type of non-financial assets is included in the capital account such as physical assets like a land, assets that are not produced yet but needed for production, like a mine which is being used for extracting coal. The capital account could be divided into the financial flows that are branched into debt forgiveness, financial assets gained through the migrants leaving or entering a nation, the transfer of goods, transferring the ownership of fixed assets, all types of gifts and inheritance taxes, uninsured damage of fixed assets, death levies, and funds received from acquisition or sale of land (Freund, 2010). The net change in the financial and physical ownership of a country is shown in the capital account, along with the balance of current account, the balance of payment of a country is constituted. Foreign investment, changes in a reserve account, other investm ent, is included in the capital account. A capital account can also be referred as the account that can display the net worth of a business at a specified period. The economic activities of a country are calculated in the capital account of the nation. The amount that an investor pays an organization is recorded in the form of general ledger account which gives a cumulative amount of the earning company is doing. The balance of the capital account is reported in the form of partners equit, or owners equity section in the balance sheet (Ishikawa and Horiuchi, 2012). The Financial Account- in the financial account of the country the international monetary flows in relation to business investment; stocks, bonds, and real-estate are documented. Foreign reserves, special drawing rights, gold, and government-owned assets like foreign reserves are also included in the financial account of a nation. Along with them the assets owned by foreigners are also recorded in the financial accounts. A financial account is that part of a nations BOP which deals with the claims or liabilities to non-residential, specially related to the financial assets (Kalamova and Konrad, 2010). It includes the portfolio investment, reserve assets, direct investment and those who are broken down by the sector. Any claim made by the non-residents of the nation on the financial assets of the citizen of the country are considered as a liability, while any claim made against the non-resident by the countrys citizen are taken as assets. The financial account is further divided into two sub-accounts to provide a tracking mechanism for the ownership transfer of the international asset. The first sub-account is related to the domestic ownership of the foreign assets, like securities of a foreign company, or any foreign bank deposits. The second sub account includes the foreign ownership of domestic assets, like any type of purchase done by foreign entities of government bonds or loans given to a domestic bank by a foreign firm (Kristjansdottir, 2010). Other important parts of Balance of Payment Basic Balance- basic balance is an economic measure taken for the BOP which adds the current and capital account balances. The basic balance proves to be an alternative method to the deficit or surplus for the BOP due to the change in the exchange rate system. The basic balance is use by the economists to determine the trends of countrys BOP in a long-term. This measure is less helpful in short-term fluctuations that may occur in the exchange or interest rates. It incorporates the fluctuations of international investments from the capital account that gives a better response regarding long-term changes in a countrys productivity (Mathew, Vijaykumar and Jacob, 2013). Official Settlement Account- to keep track of the reserve asset transactions of central banks with each other in BOP an official settlement account is used. All types of transaction related to gold, bank deposits, foreign exchange reserves, and special drawing rights are tracked by the official settlement account. Official settlement account essentially keeps track of all the transactions including international assets (Odili, 2014). Average Balance- the average balance means the balance on a depositary or a loan account. The calculation of average balance is taken out by adding the beginning balance and ending balance together and dividing it by two. The time balance remained at a particular level at the calculating period that may be a month or a quarter of a year is taken into account by average balance account. It is commonly used to find out the average daily balance, especially when taking in account the interest on loans. As banks cannot charge interest, on interest all types of payments are applied to the due interest payment and then comes the principal amount. Average balance can be used by the investors who trade on margin accounts and wanted to determine margin requirements that the brokerage makes (Ojha, 2016). Account Balance- the amount of money at any point of time in a financial repository is known as an account balance. It can also be the money that a person owed to a third person like a credit card company, mortgage banker, utility company, or any other creditors. After factoring the debits and credits, the net amount is shown in the account balance. Unilateral Transfer- an economic transaction happening between the citizens of two different countries over a specified period is known as a unilateral transfer. It includes transactions like pension payment, gift exchanges, and other goods and services. Unilateral Transfers are added in the nations BOP through current account. Unilateral transfers are different from international trade, including things like humanitarian aid and payments coming from immigrants to their home country (Oladipupo, 2011). The Balancing Act- it is necessary that the current account should be balanced with the added balance of capital and financial accounts. But as told earlier this rarely happen in any country. The fluctuating exchange rates, the value of money changes and that can add discrepancies in BOP. If a deficit is found in the current account that is the balance of trade deficit, then that difference can be covered by borrowing the fund from the capital account. The borrowed amount is taken as an outflow of capital account if a country has a fixed asset abroad. But, if that fixed asset is sold then it will be added to the current account inflow. If a countrys balance of payment is showing a deficit in the current account then it means that for more goods and services the country is foregoing its capital assets. If the money is borrowed to balance the current account deficit then it would be taken as an entry of foreign capital in the balance of payment (Petrovic and Gligoric, 2010). Liberalizing the Accounts- the late 20th-century rise of global finance and trade urged the BOP and liberalization of macroeconomic in most of the developing countries. With the economic boom entering in the emerging market, the capital flows tripled in these markets. Until the 1980s when Asian crisis struck the world and spurred countries to release restrictions on financial and capital account transactions, to take the advantage of the capital inflows. Most of the developing countries have restrictive macroeconomic policies, which regulated the ownership of non-financial and financial assets by a foreigner (Rahman, 2016). These rules limit the transfer of funds abroad. With the linearization of capital and financial accounts, the growth of capital market increased, which not only initiated transparency and sophistication in the market for the investors, but also attracted foreign direct investment. Like an investment made in a new power station will be bringing a nation great expos ure to new technologies and growth, which will eventually be increasing the overall GDP of the nation allowing the prospects of increased volumes of production. A diversified market decreases the risk which will come due to liberalization (Stepanovic-Petrac, 2008). Balance of Payment Crisis When a country has a deficit of the balance of payment that is unsustainable, then it is known as the balance of payment crisis. When a large amount of money flows out of the country and the borrowing power of the country is less than the situation becomes a crisis for the country. A BOP crisis become serious when a situation comes where the budget of the country is exceptionally large and the finances of the country become deficits for a long period, and the debt of the country increases beyond the bound oh handling (Swenson, 2006). Many countries has faced severe crisis of balance of payment in the 290th century few examples of such balance of payment crisis are:- 1991 Indian Economic Crisis 1994 Economic Crisis in Mexico 1997 Asian Financial Crisis 1998 Russian Financial Crisis 1999-2002 Argentine Economic Crises Reason of balance of payment crisis It is necessary to understand the reasons due to which the balance of payment crisis occurs in a country. The balance of payment crisis is very harmful to the economy of the country. If the reasons are known to the government of the country for the balance of payment crisis, then measures could be taken to avoid it to happen (Yan, 2003). The reasons for the crisis of balance of payment are as follows: - Ever increasing trade gap- due to trade gap, trade deficit occurs that means a huge rise in imports but a substantial rise in exports of the nation for a long period. Import Liberalization- liberalization given in the rules and regulations of imports led to increasing of products imported. Increase in Import Intensity- the increase in national income popularizes and increases the demands of imported product. This led to the increase of imports in a country. Import of Oil- developing countries need a lot of oil products for their necessities and luxuries thus the demand for oil increases, which in result increased the import of oil (Ziying, 2014). Imports of essential items- when a scarcity of an essential product arise it becomes important for a country to import that product from other countries. Raise in the prises of Imports- the rise in the prices of the necessity products made country spend more on the imports that led to the balance of payment deficit (Khawar, 2005). Deterioration in the exchange rate of the currency- if the exchange rate of the currency deteriorates then the imports becomes expensive for a country. This increases the balance of payment deficit. All the above-given reason led a country towards balance of payment crisis. Thus, it becomes necessary for the economic department of the country to pay attention towards the number of imports a country is doing and the exchange rate of the currency of the nation should not deteriorate when the number of imports are more than the exports of the country (Williams, 2015). Conclusion A countrys smooth running depends on the condition of the economy of the country. A country decides a budget for itself as per the requirement of the nation. This budget includes all the expenses that a country will bear and all the finances that the government will be getting from various sources. The balance of payment is the condition when a countrys all the liabilities are equal to the assets of the country. These credits and debits are the transactions that take place between two countries. There are a number of factors that are used to have a balance of payment in a country like capital account, current account, and financial account. These accounts are further divided into various other parts that help in maintaining the countrys balance of payment. Like liberalization of account, average accounting etc. It is very necessary to control the balance of payment of a country because if the deficit of the balance of payment becomes larger than the borrowing power of the country and for a long period than it leads the country towards the balance of crisis. There are many examples of countries those who have faced this balance of crisis. There are many reasons for the deficit of the balance of payment, but the increased imports, and decreased exports is the main reason for the deficit of balance of payment. Hence it is concluded, that balance of payment in a country is very important to maintain for the smooth running economy of the nation. References Alawattage, U. (2009). Exchange Rate, Competitiveness and Balance of Payment Performance. Staff Studies, 35(1). Bussiere, M. (2013). Balance of payment crises in emerging markets: how early were the early warning signals?. Applied Economics, 45(12), pp.1601-1623. C., U. (2015). Monetary Policy and Balance of Payment in Nigeria ( 1981 - 2012 ). Journal of Policy and Development Studies, 9(2), pp.14-26. Chernyak, O., Khomiak, V. and Chernyak, Y. (2013). The Main Triggers of the Balance of Payment Crisis in the Eastern Europe. Procedia Technology, 8, pp.47-50. Egger, P. and Maria Radulescu, D. (2011). Labor Taxation and Foreign Direct Investment*. Scandinavian Journal of Economics, p.no-no. Eichengreen, B. (2013). Number One Country, Number One Currency? 1. The World Economy, 36(4), pp.363-374. Filipovic, S. and Garic, D. (2014). Analysis of the cause of global balance of payment imbalance. Poslovna ekonomija, 8(2), pp.277-300. Freund, C. (2010). Third-country Effects of Regional Trade Agreements. The World Economy, 33(11), pp.1589-1605. Ishikawa. J. and Horiuchi, E. (2012). Strategic Foreign Direct Investment in Vertically Related Markets*. Economic Record, 88(281), pp.229-242. Kalamova, M. and Konrad, K. (2010). Nation Brands and Foreign Direct Investment*. Kyklos, 63(3), pp.400-431. Kristjansdottir, H. (2010). Foreign Direct Investment: The Knowledge-Capital Model And Small Country Case. Scottish Journal of Political Economy, 57(5), pp.591-614. Mathew, J., Vijaykumar, N. and Jacob, E. (2013). Balance of Payment Crisis in India: What the Figures say. Arthshastra : Indian Journal of Economics Research, 2(5), p.14. Odili, O. (2014). Exchange Rate and Balance of Payment: An Autoregressive Distributed Lag (Ardl) Econometric Investigation on Nigeria. IOSR Journal of Economics and Finance, 4(6), pp.21-30. Ojha, G. (2016). State of Remittance and Balance of Payment in Nepal. Economic Literature, 11, p.15. Oladipupo, A. (2011). Impact of Exchange Rate on Balance of Payment in Nigeria. African Research Review, 5(4). Petrovic, P. and Gligoric, M. (2010). Exchange rate and trade balance: J-curve effect. Panoeconomicus, 57(1), pp.23-41. Rahman, M. (2016). Impact of Foreign Direct Investment Inflows on Capital Account of Indias Balance of Payments. Business and Economic Research, 6(1), p.111. Stepanovic-Petrac, Z. (2008). Bretton Woods 2 system and US balance of payment deficit. Medjunar probl, 60(1), pp.116-136. Swenson, D. (2006). Country Competition and US Overseas Assembly. The World Economy, 29(7), pp.917-937. Yan, H. (2003). Capital mobility, intertemporal current account balance and currency crisis. Global Business and Economics Review, 5(2), p.297. Ziying, M. (2014). Inward Foreign Direct Investment, Entrepreneurial Behavior, and Outward Foreign Direct Investment: Evidence from China. IJBM, 9(9). Khawar, M. (2005). Foreign Direct Investment and Economic Growth: A Cross-Country Analysis. Global Economy Journal, 5(1). Menkhoff, L. (2013). Foreign Exchange Intervention in Emerging Markets: A Survey of Empirical Studies. The World Economy, 36(9), pp.1187-1208. Williams, S. (2015). Foreign Currency Exposure within Country Exchange Traded Funds. Frontiers in Finance, 1(0), p.28.

Research Report- Industry Analysis

Question: Write a research report on industry analysis. Answer: Introduction Telstra Corporation is one of the leading telecomm companies in the field of mobile telecommunication. The company is offering mobile nod network services to all of the customers throughout the Australian market segments. Now the company is going to enter the market segments of mobile manufacturing. The company was founded on 12th June 1975 and has its headquarters in Melbourne, Australia (Telstra, 2016). The company is planning to enter into the business of making mobile phones and will launch different types of the mobile phones as to capture the entire market segments. The company has created its brand name on the telecommunication industry and will transform it into the industry of manufacturing the mobile phones. This research paper will reveals gather desired different facts associated with the analysis of the telecommunication industries. The launching of the new mobile devices will help the firm to enter into the new market segments. Size of the industry The section of the concerned industry helps in reflecting the desired size revenue as well as it respective competitors within the concerned market segments. The Telstra Corporation of Australia is engaged in offering the best mobile telecommunication services to all its customers within the concerned market segments. The telecommunication industry is one of the booming industries throughout the world and it has increased the employment as well as the growth opportunities to all of the people concerned. The company is offering finest network services to all of the consumers concerned. There are some of the combo offers from the company with the different mobile companies, such as it offers free data packs with some of the latest mobile phones from the different mobile companies. Thus, the company is planning to enter the world of mobile telecommunication in order to establish its pillars in the worlds of mobile manufacturers (Anderson, 2015). The company is providing 16.9 million of the mobile services including 7.2 million of the total fixed services and 3.3 million of the retail and the broadband services to all of the consumers concerned. In order to assist the clients with the finest services, the company is offering the choice of the digital connection having the digital content as well. The company's revenue was near $25.5 billion until the year 2013 and it is one of the leading telecommunication companies throughout the complete Australian market segments. In the year 2011, Telstra Corporation of Australia was in a planning for expansion of the new 100 retail within a framework of three years. The company has more than 360 of the retail stores until May 2016 throughout the Australian market segments. The launching of the new mobile devices along with the mobile telecommunication services such as the voice services internet services and many others will help in capturing the entire market segments and will increase the complete profitability of the firm. This will create the expansion of the business market segments of the concerned market segments and it is very crucial for the firm to understand the desired needs and the demands of the customers within the concerned market segments (Bachmutsky, 2013). The expansion of the desired market segments for the firm will increase the productivity along with the profitability of the firm. Figure: Market share Value factors in a B2B The value factors are considered to be the most crucial for any of the particular firms as this helps in evaluating the effectiveness of the business procedure of the firm. There are different types of the value factors which generates an enormous impact on the execution of the business procedure of the concerned firm. These factors include risk management, logistics, innovation, low-value and the high-value acquisitions, high-value and the low-value risk acquisitions and e-commerce. There is a crucial need to understand the desired targeted market segments as this will help in working as per the requirements and the needs of the customers (Balmer, Illia and Gonza lez del Valle Brena, 2013). The company needs to work as per the desired industry standards. PESTLE analysis The use of the porters five forces along with the PESTEL analysis is considered to be of great importance as it will provide the desired information regarding the needs of the customers within the market segments. Political factors There is pressure from the concerned government of that particular company where the company is going to launch products. Australian government has provide the desired platform for the telecommunication as well as the mobile industry to execute their business process throughout the country. Economic factors The inflation rate as well as the rise in the service taxes increases the potential barriers for the mobile communication industries to enhance the growth rate of the concerned business. Social factors The brand imaged of the company will help in launching the new Smartphones and entering into the world of mobile manufacturing as to capture the entire market segments. Technological factors Use of the innovative tools as well as the innovative techniques will help in providing the desired competitive advantage to the firm. Legal factors It is important to understand the legal concerns before into the new market segments. Execution of the business as per the norms of the firm will help in evaluating the growth of the organization. Environmental factors The company needs to understand the desired impact of the macro as well as the micro environmental factors. These factors are crucial for the profitability of the firm as these generate a large amount of the impact on execution of the business methods of the firm. There is another important factor which helps in enhancing the performance of the concerned industry as well as the company which is establishing the desired relationship between the customers as well as the firm as it will evaluate the satisfaction of the concerned clients of the firm. The establishment of the customer support department is considered to be of great importance throughout the mobile telecommunication industry as it assists the customers with the required sense of satisfaction of the clients (Blakemore, 2013). The primary motive of the B2B companies is to work as per the desired satisfaction of the customers and to assist them with reliable services. The use of the E-Commerce has changed significantly and it has enhanced the reliability of the customers by offering reliable services to the consumers concerned. There is a crucial impact from the political as well as the economic factors of the targeted market segments in which the product is going to be launched. There fore, the firm needs to identify these factors and formulate effective strategies as to enhance the overall profitability and the productivity of the entire association. Key players The competitors are considered to be the key players as it executes the most crucial role in evaluating the significant growth of the concerned firm. There are several competitors throughout the Australian market segments who have captured the large market segments in the field of manufacturing mobile devices. These are Samsung, Apple, Optus, virgin Mobile Australia and many others. It is very crucial to understand the desired requirements of the concerned market segments as it will reflector the preferred needs and the wishes of the concerned customers within the market segments. In order to enter market segments in the field of mobile industry understanding the desired offerings and the market share of the concerned competitors is crucial (Carroll, 2013). The market share of Australia has significantly increased from 29.3 % in august 2014 to 37.8 % till august 2015. The complete market of the smartphones has increased by a total share of thirty-five percent and this has provided th e desired opportunity to the other companies in the field of mobile manufacturing to enhance its business process. Apple Company is engaged in providing the finest quality of the mobiles devices in order to enhance the reliability and the smoothness of the customers present within the market segments. Innovation is considered to be one of the most crucial tools that help in providing the desired advantage to the concerned competitors within the market segments. Establishing the trust with the different clients is considered to be the vital factors as these increases the overall selling of the concerned products launched by the company within the market segments. as per a survey report, recognizing the increasing demands of the Smartphone's the future predictions says that there will be an increase of up to 67.2 percent for the smartphones users by the end of 2018 throughout the Australian market segments (Impact of latest NICE guidelines on CRT and ICD implant rates, 2015). The late st android phones have created a large impact on the minds of the concerned clients and there is a scope for Telstra Corporation to enter this field by launching exceptional and attractive mobile devices. The brand name of the company will help in increasing the selling of the concerned products within the different targeted market segments throughout Australia. Understanding the desired offerings from the key competitors within the targeted market segments will help in getting the advantage for the Telstra Corporation of Australia and it can significantly increase its profitability within the targeted market segments. Key business consumers There is a crucial need to focus on the desired relationship between the buyers and the concerned organization as this helps to increase the satisfaction of the customers related to the offering of the concerned products y the firm. Moreover, the Telstra Corporation needs to identify the particularly targeted customers in order to increase the sales revenue for the concerned organization. The concepts of the segmentation, targeting, and the positioning are crucial for the concerned organization , as it helps in targeting the desired customers for the selling of the products. The increase in the demands of the Smartphone evaluated the fact that there is a large number of the youth attracted towards the use of the newly launched mobile devices within the concerned market segments (KIMISHIMA, 2012). Therefore, the youth along the females needs to target as they are much prone to the newly launched gadgets within the concerned market segments. These will help to enhance the growth rate o f the firm and will opt for a large amount of the profitability for the concerned firm. There are some of the crucial factors which influence the desired relationship between the buyers as well as the sellers. The most significant for the concerned association is to understand as well as recognize the desired requirements of the concerned clients and then to assist them with required services. Differentiation in the pricing strategies plays the most crucial role in creating a great and immense impact in the minds of the different clients concerned. It has been seen that the different consumers of the concerned products have their own different requirements and the firms needs to recognize this as to satisfy the consumers from the services offered by the firm. The establishment of the customer support departments creates an enormous impact regarding the satisfaction f the customers as it helps in resolving the queries as well as the complainants of the customers and enhances the reli ability and also provides a desired smooth experience to them. These factors are the availability of the respective alternatives, importance of the supply, complexity of the desired supply and the dynamism of supply market. The performance of the firm is another vital factor which helps in attracting the large number o the consumers towards the firm (Kotler, 2014). Assisting the customers as per the needs will help in retaining the old customers as well as to target the new customers. The youths needed to be targeted as they generate the larger percentage of the sales revenue for nay of the concerned firm. Marketing analysis and the effective planning Segmentation approaches Identification of the desired market segments is considered to very crucial as these increases the selling of the concerned new products launched by the particular company. Telstra Corporation of Australia identifies its market segments throughout the different parts of the world as well as the market segments of Australia to launch its new products. The segmentation is the dividing of the large market segments into smaller segments of the concerned markets as this helps in recognizing the needs of the customers and to assist them with the satisfactory products as well as the services (Latest Developments: UK and EU, 2011). There are three of the crucial factors related to one another for the launching of new products within the concerned market segments; they are segmentation, positioning, and targeting. The analysis of the macro as well as the micro-segmentation will help in identifying the needs and the importance of the concerned market segments. These reflect the desired strengt hs as well as the weakness of the firm. Before launching the new mobile devices, it is very crucial for the firm to recognize the features of the similar products offered by the other firm. The market needs to be segmented on the basis of accessibility, measurability, responsiveness and the substantiality. The use of the PESTEL analysis will help in understanding the desired pressure from the political factors where the company is planning to launch its products and execute its business procedures. Targeting the desired customers is considered to be of great importance as they help in evaluating the desired expansion of the market segments and the business procedure of the company (Latest Developments: UK and EU, 2011). The macro segmentation consists of the size of the organization as well as the industries whereas the micro-segmentation includes several factors such as choice criteria, DMU structure, the process of effective decision making, innovativeness of the organization, the buying of the glasses and the purchasing organization. The organization size refers to the buying of the same products having differentiated features as to enhance the selling of the products. The demands of the telecommunication industries are increasing in large numbers, therefore, the launching of the new products for Telstra Corporation will help in bringing the desired positive outcomes for the organization (Ottman, 2011). The use of the marketing mix is crucial as it provides the desired evaluation in the effectiveness and the efficiency of the concerned firm. The promotion of the products needs to be unique in order to generate an enormous impact on the minds of the concerned clients within the targeted market segments. Future growth potential of the industry There are certain effective strategies which can be used by the companies to enter into the new market segments for executing their concerned business processes. The report on the mobile telecommunication industries of Australia reveals the desired facts that there was a slow revenue growth for the Telstra Corporation as well as the second tiers operators. Telstra Corporation retains the dominances throughout the Australian market segments having a crucial share of 61% of the total revenue generated (Plunkett, 2009). The growth opportunities need to be evaluated on the basis of marketing plan consisting of the marketing mix. The understanding of the requirements of the concerned market segments is important before entering into that particular market segments (Plunkett, 2010). Use of the perceptual maps, as well as the concise implementation plan, is required in order to generate future growth strategies for the company. Figure: Perceptual map In order to enter the desired market segments, the most crucial is to enhance the branding of the concerned firm. The engagement of the customers within the firm is crucial and it needs to be done with the help of effective methods as to establish the desired relationship with the customers. For Telecom Corporation look to enlarge is expected to see a sustained augment in alliances as well as a partnership which is able to carry a range of necessary capabilities plus rate time-to-market (Telstra, 2016). For illustration, incorporation with the vital company in the industry like the retail, automotive, or the concerned healthcare is the preferred direction for the carrier to make bigger their trade, and do so in particular technique that is appropriate as well as less risky. Carriers require carrying on to focus on providing data services along with the voice services which are high superiority, dependable, and reasonable. Moreover, the companies need to enhance the quality as well as the reliability of the products they offer within the concerned market segments. The use of the effective and effectual strategies will increase the profitability share of the concerned organization. Corporate branding and the reduction in the cost prices are considered to be large importance as this helps to evaluate the desired profitability of the concerned firm (The latest intraoral sensors, 2013). The demands of the telecommunication market segments are increasing in large numbers and therefore The Company needs to produce differentiation strategies as to capture the entire market segments. References Anderson, S. (2015). Latest SPIE industry analysis quantifies biophotonics-enabled sector.SPIE Professional. Bachmutsky, A. (2013).System designs for telecommunication gateways. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley. Balmer, J., Elia, L. and Gonza lez del Valle Brena, A. (2013).Corporate Marketing. Hoboken: Taylor and Francis. Blakemore, S. (2013). Healthcare strategy tackles clients lower life expectancy.Learning Disability Practice, 16(7), pp.8-9. Carroll, C. (2013).The handbook of communication and corporate reputation. Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell. 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