1031 Exchanges Essay -- essays research papers

Final Paper â€Å"1031 Exchanges – Insight for the real estate investor† This paper is written to provide a reasonably comprehensive overview of Section 1031 of the IRC as it pertains to real estate transactions, and to offer some thoughts on the wealth-creation advantages that 1031 Exchanges offer. For the greater part of the last decade, we in the United States have been witness to a consistently appreciating real estate market. Sometimes it seems that almost anyone who has purchased a house, piece of property, or other real estate type investment has done very well. I personally can point to a few examples where friends of mine have made several hundred times their first home equity investment. In sales of primary homes there is a tax advantage that the IRS permits, as long as the proceeds are invested into another home, the capital gains on your existing home sale are exempt from taxation. However, if the property in question is an investment, a capital gain tax is assessed every time there is a sale that includes a gain. A tax strategy that investors can employ in such situations is to transfer their investment property for another investment of â€Å"like-kind†, this is a Section 1031 Exchange. Under Section 1031, if all its guidelines are met, the exchange is not a taxable event. Also, similar to tax rules regarding reorganizations - in a 1031 Exchange there is no taxable event and therefore no step-up in basis. The wealth-creation advantage of a 1031 Exchange can be viewed in the chart below. The example depicts two sales of real estate, the initial assumption is that the property has been completely depreciated and the entire $100K of initial equity is a capital gain.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Event 1  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Event 2   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Typical Sale  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1031 Exchange  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Investment experiences 20% appreciation  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Typical Sale  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1031 Exchange Equity   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  100,000  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  100,000  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  160,000  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  200,000 Tax  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  20,000  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  16,000  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0... ...y within the United States and personal property used predominantly outside the United States are not property of a like kind. (B) Predominant use Except as provided in subparagraph [1] (C) and (D), the predominant use of any property shall be determined based on— (i) in the case of the property relinquished in the exchange, the 2-year period ending on the date of such relinquishment, and (ii) in the case of the property acquired in the exchange, the 2-year period beginning on the date of such acquisition. (C) Property held for less than 2 years Except in the case of an exchange which is part of a transaction (or series of transactions) structured to avoid the purposes of this subsection— (i) only the periods the property was held by the person relinquishing the property (or any related person) shall be taken into account under subparagraph (B)(i), and (ii) only the periods the property was held by the person acquiring the property (or any related person) shall be taken into account under subparagraph (B)(ii). (D) Special rule for certain property Property described in any subparagraph of section 168 (g)(4) shall be treated as used predominantly in the United States.

Impossibility of Certainty in Hamlet

The Impossibility of Certainty in Hamlet â€Å"Doubt is that state of mind where the questioner faces no single answer nor the lack of one, but rather a choice between a pair of alternatives. † – Harry Levin in The Question of Hamlet It is appropriate that William Shakespeare’s Hamlet is regarded as the Bard’s greatest dramatic enigma, for misunderstanding is the unavoidable condition of Hamlet’s quest for certainties. Not only is Hamlet bewildered by puzzling visions and by commands seemingly incapable of fulfillment, but he is also the victim of misinterpretation by those around him.The dying Hamlet urges the honest Horatio to â€Å"report me and my cause aright To the unsatisfied†, because none of the characters except for Horatio have caught more than a glimpse of Hamlet’s true situation (V. ii. 371-372). We as an observing audience, hearing the inner thoughts and secret plots of almost every significant character, should remember that we know vastly more than the play’s characters. In Hamlet, we cannot pretend that we are unaware of what happens next or how it all comes out  essay writer prank. This is Shakespeare’s richest source of dramatic irony.However, the characters are faced with rival options: to revenge or not to revenge, whether a Ghost comes from heaven or from hell. It is this doubt, this hesitancy in the face of two possibilities, that is central to Hamlet at every level. Hamlet is a play of misunderstanding and impediment. Its central theme is the elusiveness of knowledge and certainty. From the very first scene, the play establishes uncertainty through the interrogative dialogue between Barnado, Francisco, Marcellus, and Horatio: Barnardo: Who’s there? Francisco: Nay, answer me. Stand and unfold yourself Barnardo: Say, what, is Horatio there? Horatio: A piece of him. (I. i. 1-24) Having established a mood of fear and uncertainty, the apparition of the Ghost causes Horati o to declare â€Å"It harrows me with fear and wonder† (I. i. 51). This antithetical placement of words heightens the paranormal and eerie setting of the play. The â€Å"portentous† Ghost acts as an omen for what is to come (I. i. 121). The seemingly extravagant monologue where Claudius appeals to his subjects to accept the validity of his marriage to Gertrude hints that the new King is putting on a facade. Read more about Dramatic CriticismClaudius uses many oxymoronic phrases to try and reconcile the death of Old Hamlet and Claudius’ subsequent marriage to Gertrude such as, â€Å"With mirth in funeral and with dirge in marriage† (I. ii. 12). This rhythmically balanced but significantly dissonant sentence serves to highlight that there is something suspect and â€Å"Rotten† in the state of Denmark. Claudius further enforces the idea that nothing can really be trusted. Similarly, the relationship between the actions and internal thought processes of human beings is evident in the scheming Polonius.Polonius is also a man with little integrity capable of great deceit. He tells his son Laertes, â€Å"To thine own self be true† (I. iii. 84). But later Polonius enlists Reynaldo to spy on his son, stating, â€Å"Your bait of falsehood take this Carp of truth† (II. i. 70). This metaphor and the oxymoronic placement of â€Å"falsehood† and â€Å"truthà ¢â‚¬  exemplify the presence of duality in the play. He dismisses Reynaldo saying, â€Å"You have me, Have you not? † (II. i. 75). The uncertainty and lack of trust within the play is reflected in the chiastic syntax of this sentence.Polonius is distrusting of his own servant. The allusions to ancient Greece and Rome throughout Hamlet further support the ideas of duality and deception. Hamlet, in a simile, compares his father to Claudius like â€Å"Hyperion to a Satyr† (I. ii. 144). Hamlet later has the Players recite lines referring to the â€Å"ominous horse† of Troy (II. ii. 479). Polonius makes a reference to Brutus’ betrayal of Julius Caesar (III. ii. 109-110). All three of these references contribute to the duality and deception evident in the play.A Satyr is only half a man, the Trojan horse is heralded as one of the most treacherous and deceitful means of conquest, and Julius Caesar is murdered by people he thought were loyal to him. David Beving ton notes in his commentary on Hamlet that the name Claudius stems from two words. The first is the verb claudo, meaning â€Å"to imprison†. The second is the adjective claudus, meaning â€Å"disabled, wavering, or uncertain† (Bevington). It goes without saying that a character whose name literally means â€Å"uncertain† highlights the theme of doubt that is apparent through the whole play.The arrival of the Players and their presentation of â€Å"The Murder of Gonzago† in Act 3 also demonstrate duplicity within the text. Hamlet modifies the play within a play to have it reflect the murder of his father. This dramatic device conjures up the notion of appearance versus reality. The duality of Claudius, Polonius, and Hamlet demonstrate the lack of certainty and absolute truth within the play. The perpetual search for meaning and questioning of the established order within the play reflects the unattainability of truth and certainty in greater society.Hamlet ’s numerous soliloquies of self-questioning and self-loathing paint an image of a man overcome by excruciating self-observation. Morris Weitz notes that Hamlet’s speeches show signs of existentialism (â€Å"How weary, stale, flat and unprofitable seem to me all the uses of this world†, I. ii. 137-138), relativism (â€Å"For there is nothing good nor but, but thinking makes it so†, I. ii. 268-270), and moral subjectivism (â€Å"Vicious mole of nature†¦in their birth†¦wherin†¦they are not guilty since nature cannot choose his origin†, I. iv. 27-29).Although the Greek Sophists had dabbled in these concepts, and Socrates had once said, â€Å"The only thing I know is that I know nothing†, this questioning of the societal and philosophical norms of the time was revolutionary and unparalleled (Weitz). The King at the time of Hamlet’s publication was James I, who had affirmed the â€Å"Divine Right of Kings† to rule. At a time when the sovereignty of the Monarchy reigned supreme, Hamlet’s questioning of the afterlife, (â€Å"To be, or not to be†¦what dreams may come†, III. i. 64-74), lamentation at the inequality n the world (â€Å"Th’ Oppressor†¦that patient merit of the unworthy takes†, III. i. 79-82), and rejection of the superiority of Monarchs (â€Å"Our monarchs and outstretched heroes the beggars’ shadows†, II. ii. 282-283), is a testament to the elusiveness of certainty and truth in the play. The themes of duality and deceit and the search for meaning and order are central to the essential message of Hamlet that certainty is unattainable. This duality makes up the entire structure of Hamlet, proving that, â€Å"A double blessing [truly] is a double grace† (I. iii. 58). Works Cited Bevington, David M. Introduction.Twentieth Century Interpretations of Hamlet ; a Collection of Critical Essays. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1968. 1-12. Print. Levin, Harry. â€Å"Interrogation, Doubt, Irony: Thesis, Antithesis, Synthesis. † The Question of Hamlet. New York: Oxford UP, 1959. 48+. Print. Weitz, Morris. Introduction. Hamlet and the Philosophy of Literary Criticism. Chicago: University of Chicago, 1964. Vii-Xiii. Print. Bibliography Bevington, David M. Introduction. Twentieth Century Interpretations of Hamlet ; a Collection of Critical Essays. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1968. 1-12. Print. Levin, Harry. Interrogation, Doubt, Irony: Thesis, Antithesis, Synthesis. † The Question of Hamlet. New York: Oxford UP, 1959. 48+. Print. Weitz, Morris. â€Å"Hamlet: Philosophy the Intruder. † Shakespeare, Philosophy, and Literature: Essays. Ed. Morris Weitz and Margaret Collins. New Studies in Aesthetics 10. New York: Lang, 1995. 17-33 Weitz, Morris. Introduction. Hamlet and the Philosophy of Literary Criticism. Chicago: University of Chicago, 1964. Vii-Xiii. Print. West, Rebecca. â€Å"A Court and World Infected by the Disease of Corruption. † Readings on Hamlet. By Don Nardo. San Diego, CA: Greenhaven, 1999. 106-11. Print.

Nautilus Facts

The chambered nautilus (Nautilus pompilius) is a large, mobile cephalopod which is called a living fossil and has been the subject of poetry, artwork, math, and jewelry. They have even inspired the names of submarines and exercise equipment. These animals have been around for about 500 million years—even before the dinosaurs. Fast Facts: Chambered Nautilus Scientific Name: Nautilus pompiliusCommon Name: Chambered nautilusBasic Animal Group: InvertebrateSize: 8–10 inches in diameterWeight: Maximum of 2.8 poundsLifespan: 15–20 yearsDiet:  CarnivoreHabitat: Oceans in the Indo-Pacific regionConservation Status: Not Evaluated Description Nautiluses are invertebrates, cephalopods, and mollusks related to octopus, cuttlefish, and squid. Of all the cephalopods, nautiluses are the only animal to have a visible shell. The shell is not only beautiful, but it also provides protection. The nautilus can withdraw into the shell and seal it closed with a fleshy trapdoor called a hood. Nautilus shells can reach up to 8–10 inches in diameter. They are white on the underside with brown stripes on its upper side. This coloration helps  the nautilus blend into its surroundings. The shell of an adult nautilus contains over 30 chambers which form as the nautilus grows, following a genetically-hardwired shape known as a logarithmic spiral.  The nautiluss soft body is located in the largest, outermost chamber; the remainder of the chambers are ballast tanks that help the nautilus maintain buoyancy. When a nautilus approaches the surface, its chambers fill with gas. A duct called the siphuncle connects the chambers so that, when necessary, the nautilus can flood the chambers with water to make itself sink again. This water enters the mantle cavity and is expelled through a siphon. Chambered nautiluses have many more tentacles  than their squid, octopus and cuttlefish relatives. They have about 90 thin tentacles, which do not have suckers. Squid and cuttlefish have two and octopus have none. Geoff Brightling/Dorling Kindersley/Getty Images Species These several species are in the Nautilidae family, including five species in the genus Nautilus (Nautilus belauensis, N. macromphalus, N. pompilius, N. repertus, and N. stenomphelus) and two species in the genus Allonautilus (Allonautilus perforatus and A.  scrobiculatus). The largest of the species is N. repertus (the emperor nautilus), with a shell measuring from 8 to 10 inches in diameter and soft body parts weighing nearly 2.8 pounds. The smallest is the bellybutton nautilus (N. macromphalus), which only grows 6–7 inches. ​ Allonautilus was recently  re-discovered  in the South Pacific after thought extinct for some 30 years. These animals have a distinctive, fuzzy-looking shell.   Habitat and Distribution Nautilus pompilius is only found in the dimly lit tropical and warm temperate waters of the Indo-Pacific region in southeast Asia and Australia. It is the most widespread of any of the nautiluses and like most of the species, it spends most of the day at depths up to 2,300 feet. At night it migrates slowly up the coral reef slopes to forage for food at about 250 feet deep. Diet and Behavior Nautiluses are primarily scavengers of dead crustaceans, fish, and other organisms, even other nautiluses. However, they do prey on (living) hermit crabs and dig in the soft sediments of the sea floor for small prey pieces. Nautiluses have poor vision with two large but primitive pinhole eyes. Under each eye is a fleshy papilla about a tenth of an inch long called a rhinophore that the nautilus uses to detect its prey. When a dead fish or crustacean is detected by the nautilus, it extends its thin tentacles and swims towards the prey.  The nautilus grips the prey with its tentacles and then rips it into shreds with their beak before passing it to the radula. A nautilus moves by jet propulsion. Water enters the mantle cavity and  is forced out the siphon to propel the nautilus backward, forward, or sideways. Reproduction and Offspring With a lifespan of 15–20 years, nautiluses are the longest-living cephalopods. They take from10 to more than 15 years to become sexually mature. Nautiluses must move into warmer tropical waters to mate, and then they mate sexually when the male transfers his sperm packet to the female using a modified tentacle called a spadix. The female produces between 10 and 20 eggs each year, laying them one at a time, a process that may last throughout the year. It can take up to a year for the eggs to hatch.   Richard Merritt FRPS/Moment/Getty Images Evolutionary History Long before dinosaurs roamed the Earth, giant cephalopods swam in the sea.  The nautilus is the oldest cephalopod ancestor. It hasnt changed much over the last 500 million years, hence the name living fossil.   At first, prehistoric nautiloids had straight shells, but these evolved into a coiled shape. Prehistoric nautiluses had shells up to 10 feet in size. They dominated the seas, as fish hadnt yet evolved to compete with them for prey.  The nautiluss main prey was likely a type of arthropod called the trilobite. Threats None of the nautiluses are listed as threatened or endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). However, ongoing threats to nautiluses are recognized, including over-harvesting, habitat loss, and climate change.  One climate change-related issue is ocean acidification, which affects the nautiluss ability to build its calcium carbonate-based shell. Nautilus populations in some areas (such as in the Philippines) are declining due to over-fishing.  Nautiluses are caught in baited traps to be sold as live specimens, meat, and shells. Shells are used to make handicrafts, buttons, and jewelry, while the meat is consumed and live animals are collected for aquariums and scientific research.  According to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, more than half a  million nautiluses  were  imported into the U.S. from 2005–2008.   Intensive nautilus fisheries are short-lived and devastating to local populations. Within about a decade or two, the locations become commercially nonviable. Nautiluses are especially vulnerable to over-fishing due to their slow development and reproduction rates. Populations also seem to be isolated, with little gene flow between populations and less able to recover from a loss. Although the IUCN has not yet reviewed nautilus for inclusion on the Red List due to lack of data, in January 2017, the entire family of chambered nautiluses (Nautilidae) was listed in the U.S. CITES Appendix II. This means that CITES documentation will be required for import and re-export of these species and items made from them.   Saving the Nautilus To help nautiluses, you can support nautilus research and avoid purchasing products made of a nautilus shell.  These include the shells  themselves as well as pearls and other jewelry made from the nacre from the nautiluss shell.   Westend61/Westend61/Getty Images Sources Aquarium of the Pacific.  Chambered Nautilus.Barord, Gregory J., et al. Comparative Population Assessments of Nautilus Sp. In the Philippines, Australia, Fiji, and American Samoa Using Baited Remote Underwater Video Systems. PLOS One 9.6 (2014): e100799. Print.Broad, William J. Loving the Chambered Nautilus to Death. The New York Times, October 24, 2011.Chambered nautilus. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service International Affairs, 2017.  Daw, Adam and Gregory J. Barord. Aquarium Science: Husbandry of the Nautilus: Aspects of its Biology, Behavior, and Care. Tropical Fish Hobbyist Magazine, 2007.  Dunstan, Andrew J., Peter D. Ward, and N. Justin Marshall. Vertical Distribution and Migration Patterns of Nautilus Pompilius. PLOS One 6.2 (2011): e16311. Print.Jereb, P., and C. F. E. Robert, eds. Cephalopods of the World: An Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of Cephalopod Species Known to Date. Vol. 1: Chambered nautiluses and sepioids (Nautilidae, Sepiidae, Sepiolidae, Sepiadariidae, Idiosepiidae and Spirulidae). Rome: Istituto Centrale per la Ricerca Scientifica e Tecnologica Applicata al Mare, 2005.  Platt, John R. Should We Stop Selling Nautilus Shells? Scientific American, June 12, 2014.Urton, James. Rare nautilus sighted for the first time in three decades. UW News, University of Washington, August 25, 2015.

Charles Bukowski Cynical Critic - 1054 Words

The poems of Charles Bukowski arose from the gutters of society, venting his personal experiences with a dark, but often humorous narrative. Despite his disgust towards social conformity and the American government, Bukowski is still generally considered an iconic figure in American literature. A contradiction to Bukowski’s anti-American opinions is made by his emphasis on the values of freedom and independence in his poems: yellow cab, I have shit stains in my underwear too, and quiet clean girls in gingham dresses. These poems reinforce Bukowski as a cynical critic of the bourgeois society, often targeting women; it would be foolish to blind ones opinion on whether he was anti-American or not, as such generalizations rarely fit an†¦show more content†¦These philosophical writers likely encouraged the development Bukowski’s negative opinion on capitalist society. It is also in this period when Bukowski began to write poetry, gaining moderate attention through various publishing firms. Bukowski’s underground popularity increased overtime until he became mainstream name, ironically idolized by the people he mocked. Women have also been entangled in Bukowski’s messy life, experiencing both marriages and divorces (Frost, 2002). In addition Bukowski also experienced numerous short-term relationships, often with groupies or prostitutes. In comparison to Bukowski’s life, his persona as a writer zigzags between anti-American and patriotic characteristics; however the description of being a critic of society is more accurate than a irrelevant label. Bukowski’s poems are loaded with sharp remarks towards the society around him. In yellow cab, Bukowski cites his lack of money for the reason women keep leaving him; also expelling an atmosphere of hope, or perhaps survival, in moving on to the â€Å"next bar†. According to critics, the subject of survival defines Bukowski’s poems (Gale, 1998). The ‘unde rground’ population, whom Bukowski write to, find optimism masked in his pitiful tales. Also lacking a conventional poetic structure or aesthetics, Bukowski’s

The Science Of Computer Science - 1277 Words

Academic Statement of Purpose NAME: Master of Science in Computer Science The 21st century has been driven by the advances of technology. Its applications span from the primitive audio players to the advanced robotics involving Artificial Intelligence. All this has happened only because of the continuous development of the modern technology. This rapidly advancing field of science attracted my interest and made me choose Computer Science as the major field of study in my Bachelor of Engineering. Learning anything new or progressing in the field of our passion requires a good foundation of the basic minimal. And, like any Science, Computer Science requires the firm adaption of the foundation of Operating systems, Algorithms, Programming languages, computer architecture and many more other fundamentals. Keeping this as the thumb rule, I concentrated more on these basics during my undergraduate study and throughout my career. Right from my childhood I had a strong inclination to be a Compute Science Engineer. My interest in the subject has grown with each passing year and it has reached where even PhD will not quench my thirst for knowledge. â€Å"Question anything and everything. There is never a stupid question†, was the mantra I learned as a child from school. This has made me ask all the what? Why? Who? When? How? To anything I learn. This has always made me go to the basic foundations of any knowledge I am seeking to learn. With this approach, I got to learn more about myShow MoreRelatedComputer Science Is Not A Science Essay1583 Words   |  7 Pagescontinuing advancements in computer science, featuring headlines like: â€Å"LIVING ROBOT with HUMAN BRAIN Close to Creation as Super AI Computer Around the Corner† (Millar, 2016) or â€Å"Automating Big-Data Analysis† (Hardesty, 2016) But what is computer science really? When asked what computer science is, most respond by saying that it is coding, software development, using computers, or the field where people just fix computers. While although those are the components of computer science, when put to the testRead MoreComputer Science As A Sci ence1021 Words   |  5 PagesSTATEMENT OF PURPOSE Computer science spans the range from theory through programming to cutting-edge development of computing solutions. Computer science offers a foundation to adapt new technologies and new ideas. It has become one of the booming fields in the world. So this inspired me to pursue computer science as major field. Many individuals have an aspiration to be a part of this highly coveted field and I am one of those. My passion in the Computer Science developed ever since I was in schoolRead MoreComputer Science And Engineering And Science1428 Words   |  6 PagesComputer Science and Engineering By 2050 the world will need 6-7 cubic miles of oil. 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These fields have just recently started seeing more and more women pursuing them. Computer Science is an amazing field and offers a variety of op portunities in terms of how it can be applied; it can be a combination of computer science and another field-- computer science and medicine or art/design. There are endless possibilities as to what future technologyRead MoreComputer Science And Education : Computers1577 Words   |  7 PagesComputer Science in Education As the people of the world change, the skills that are necessary to survive do as well. Every time a new technology is invented and inserted into everyday use, it is expected of people to learn to use it in order to progress. For example, when shoes with laces were invented and popularized, people were taught at a very early age how to tie them, and it is now common knowledge to know how to tie shoelaces into a bow. Now there is a new technology that the world is becomingRead MoreComputer Science : Computers Are Useless1061 Words   |  5 PagesEnglish 11 25 January 2015 Computer Science According to Pablo Picasso, â€Å"Computers are useless. They can only give you answers.† There is much more than the computer involved with the process of giving you the answers. This is where computer science comes in, from making the computers to the programs. Computer scientist not only have to know how the computer works but, they must also know all the programming languages that come along with them from HTML to C++. Computer scientists require a vastRead MoreThe Origins Of Computer Science1131 Words   |  5 PagesThe origins of computers date back to the mid 1900s. During the creation, the binary code of zeros and ones was formulated as a basic foundation of what computers can run off of. This code was used to communicate to a computer and manipulate it to assess whatever tasks need to be dealt with. 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Define the Risk Assessment Scope Risk Criteria Free Essays

2. 1. Define the risk assessment scope risk criteria 2. We will write a custom essay sample on Define the Risk Assessment Scope Risk Criteria or any similar topic only for you Order Now 1. 1. Objective The purpose of this step is to develop the context for the risk assessment and to define risk criteria that will be used for evaluation of well integrity risks. The deliverables from this step are: risk assessment scope; list of risk criteria. 2. 1. 2. Define risk assessment scope The context and scope of this specialist risk assessment should be defined by the more general risk assessment step in Section 2. 5 of [1]. The latter should assess risks to the capacity, injectivity and containment of candidate storage sites, where well integrity represents one type of risk to storage containment. This step should involve: defining the goals and objectives of the well integrity risk assessment; defining responsibilities for and within the risk assessment process; defining the specific inclusions and exclusions; defining the risk assessment in terms of time and location; defining the relationship between the risk assessment process and the overall development of the CO2 geological storage project; defining the risk assessment methodologies; dentifying and specifying the decisions that have to be made prior to milestone M2; 2. 1. 3. Defining risk criteria Risk criteria for evaluating the significance of well integrity risks need to be defined by the project developer. The risk criteria should reflect the objectives and context for the risk assessment. Adequate consideration should be given to the time and resources available, stakeholder views and risk perceptions, and the applicable legal and regulatory requirements. The risk criteria chosen should be continuously reviewed. Prior to specifying risk criteria, the categories for which risks will be evaluated shall be defined. These include: human health and safety; environmental protection; legal and regulatory compliance; cost; project schedule; reputation; well integrity (functional) performance. The following points should be considered when defining risk criteria for well integrity assessments: the categories of risk for the CO2 geological storage project established in the ‘screening basis’ step of [1]; the nature and type of causes and consequences that can occur and how they will be measured; how likelihood will be defined (for example qualitatively or as a quantitative probability); the timeframe of interest; ow the level of risk is to be determined; the level at which the risk becomes acceptable or tolerable; whether combinations of multiple risks should be taken into account and, if so, how and which combinations should be considered (for example leakage pathways composed of multiple failures). In order for the risk criteria to be adequate to support a storage site selection decisio n they should: be suitable for decisions regarding risk reducing measures to levels as low as reasonably practicable; be suitable for communication; e unambiguous in their formulation; not favour any particular concept solution explicitly nor implicitly through the way in which risk is expressed. In addition, risk criteria for CO2 leakage rates related to existing wells should be consistent with the overall storage site containment criteria established in Section 2. 1 (‘Screening basis’) of [1]. Note: Temporal, spatial, volumetric and rate limits for CO2 leakage should be finite and quantifiable to allow for effective risk management. How to cite Define the Risk Assessment Scope Risk Criteria, Papers

Marketing Capabilities And Firm Performance -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Marketing Capabilities And Firm Performance? Answer: Introduction Strategic management can be defined as the process by means of which the various companies as well as the organizations formulate and implement the various strategies on behalf of its shareholders and owners (Hair et al., 2012). The development of these strategies usually involves an analysis of the market situation as well as the external and the internal environments of the operations or the company concerned. The company selected for the study of strategic management is Kill_Kapture. The company Kill_Kapture, founded by Mark Wales, an ex-SAS officer, who served in the Australian campaign of Afghanistan, is one of the famous companies in the Australian fashion industry ("Our Story", 2018). The products manufactured by the company, like its leather jackets are priced at $1,500, thereby making it a luxury product among the Australian citizens ("Our Story", 2018). Mark Wales, incorporated the design of the jackets used by the soldiers during the Afghanistan campaign for the designing of his first product, the Pathfinder Jackets ("Our Story", 2018). The company is also operational in the United States and the kangaroo leather jackets manufactured by the company in US are 10 times stronger than the ordinary ones ("Our Story", 2018). The products manufactured by the company are designed taking into consideration the needs as well as the requirements of the customers and also the latest trends in the fashion industry (Prez, del Bosque, 2015). It is a reflection of this fact that the company promotes its Pathfinder Jackets, through the advertisement, which features James Mattis, popularly known by the name of Mad Dog, a decorated officer of the US Marine Corps ("Our Story", 2018). The company manufactures its products taking into consideration the requirements of the customers in the age group of 30 years to 40 years ("Our Story", 2018). The products manufactured by the company designed specifically to cater to the needs of the war veterans. However, the jackets manufactured by the company are also very popular among the civilians as well. The primary focus of the company is on the war veterans, fire-fighters, naval officers and others belonging to the defense sector ("Our Story", 2018). Moreover, as the products manufactured by the company are very expensive, therefore, the economic status of the customers also matter. The targeted customer base of the company is therefore the rich war veterans belonging to the age group of 30 to 40 years of age ("Our Story", 2018). It is to be noted that in the United States alone there are more than 22 million war veterans ("Our Story", 2018). The remark of Mark Wales is pertinent here, We want to be an uplifting source for veterans - we want to show them that we understand that its not easy to re-enter society and that its also important to take their amazing skills and put them to good use ("Our Story", 2018). The company in order to capture as well as retain the customer base provides profit margins and costing benefits to the customers. Psychological segmentation can be defined as the process by means of which the target customer base is fragmented or divided on the basis of personality traits like attitudes, interests, values, lifestyle habits and various other aspects (Husermann Schwander, 2012). The process of psychological fragmentation helps the companies or the organizations to design as well as manufacture their products and services as per the psychological needs and requirements of the customers (Gellynck et al. 2012). The company Kill_Kapture, for the manufacture of its products like Pathfinder Jackets, Kangaroo Jackets and others takes into consideration the psychological requirements of the target customer base ("Our Story", 2018). It is to be noted that the target customer base of the company is the war veterans, fire-fighters, naval officers and others defense personnels belonging to the age group of 30 to 40 years of age. It is to be noted that the owner of the company, Kill_Kapture, Mark Wales, desi gned the jackets based on the ones, which he himself used during the Afghanistan campaign of Australia, in which he participated ("Our Story", 2018). Thus, it can be said that during the process of designing of the jackets the psychological requirements of the war veterans were taken into consideration, that is, the target customer base on which the company focuses its attention. Self orientation can be defined as the process by means of which a company or an organization takes into consideration the various concepts of trustworthiness, reliability, intimacy and credibility (Righetti, Finkenauer, Finkel, 2013). There are two kinds of self orientation- low self orientation and high self-orientation (Gonzlez-Benito, Martos-Partal, 2012). The process of low self orientation is often used by the companies as well as organization to win the loyalty as well as the trust of the customers (Theodosiou, Kehagias, Katsikea, 2012). Therefore, the company Kill_Kapture uses the concept of low self-orientation to win the loyalty as well as the trustworthiness of the customers ("Our Story", 2018). It is to be noted that the company Kill_Kapture focuses its attention on the customer base of the war veterans who are in the age bracket of 30 to 40 years of age ("Our Story", 2018). There the trustworthiness as well as the loyalty of the customers becomes very important in thi s respect (Ciribeli, Miquelito, 2015). This factor enables the company to retain its customer base and at the same time to increase its profit margin (Vivek, Beatty, Morgan, 2012). Targeting strategy can be defined as the strategy by means of which the various companies or organizations select their potential customer base in order to design as well as sell their products and services to those targeted customer base (Hair et al., 2012). The targeted customer base for the company Kill_Kapture are the war veterans, fire-fighters, naval officers and other defense personnels belonging to the age group of 30 to 40 years ("Our Story", 2018). The process includes four different stages namely, selection of the population, differentiation, concentration and finally individual marketing. Therefore, if a look at the targeted strategy of the company Kill_Kapture is taken it will reveal that the company initially took the entire population belonging to the age group of 30-40 years. The next stage was the differential on the basis of their profession like whether they are civilians or defense personnels. The third stage involved the classification on the basis of income stat us. The final stage was gave the company its final targeted customer base. Therefore, from the above discussion it becomes clear that the concept of marketing strategy forms an important aspect of the various companies as well as organizations. The companies also need to take into consideration the various needs as well as the requirements of the customers for the manufacture of their products and services. The proper selection of the target customer base is also very important as the company needs to design and market their products and services as per the needs of those customers. 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